Working of Institutions in Democracy
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Questions and Answers

What are the three institutions that play a key role in major decisions?

Legislature, executive and judiciary.

What is the basic objective of this chapter?

  • To understand how all the institutions together carry on the work of government.
  • To compare these institutions with similar institutions in other democracies.
  • To understand the working of the national level government.
  • All of the above. (correct)

    • What was the name of the order issued by the Government of India on August 13, 1990?

    Office Memorandum.

    What was the percentage of vacancies reserved for the Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBC)?

    <p>27%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who signed the Order?

    <p>The Joint Secretary of the Department of Personnel and Training in the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Order was quite short and looked like any ordinary circular or notice.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the Second Backward Classes Commission?

    <p>Mandal Commission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When did the Commission submit its report?

    <p>31st December, 1980</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the head of the State?

    <p>The President.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is the head of the government?

    <p>The Prime Minister.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the national assembly of elected representatives in India?

    <p>Parliament.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the assembly at the state level?

    <p>Legislature or Legislative Assembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three key functions of the Parliament?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Rajya Sabha is more powerful than the Lok Sabha because it is called the Upper Chamber.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between the two houses of Parliament?

    <p>All of the above.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which house has the power to pass a money bill?

    <p>Lok Sabha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Lok Sabha can reject a money bill passed by the Rajya Sabha.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only a person who enjoys the support of the majority of the Lok Sabha members can be appointed as the Prime Minister.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the 'Political Executive?'

    <p>The political leaders who are elected by the people for a specific period of time and take major decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by the 'Permanent Executive?'

    <p>Non-political officials, the civil servants appointed on a long-term basis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The President is the most powerful person in the government of India.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who has the final power to dismiss a minister?

    <p>The Prime Minister</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The President appoints the Prime Minister without any consultation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Cabinet in the government?

    <p>The Cabinet comprises the top-level ministers who are responsible for taking major decisions in the name of the Council of Ministers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three categories of Ministers in India?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The President of India has the power to veto any law passed by the Parliament.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the system of government in India called?

    <p>Parliamentary system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Chief Justice of India is elected directly by the people.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is judicial review?

    <p>The power of the judiciary to declare invalid any law or action of the executive if it is found to be against the Constitution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The judiciary in India enjoys high levels of confidence among the people.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a coalition government and a single-party government?

    <p>A coalition government is formed by an alliance of two or more political parties, usually when no single party enjoys majority support in the legislature, while a single-party government is formed by a single party that has a majority in the legislature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main roles of the judiciary?

    <p>To administer justice, provide a mechanism for the resolution of legal disputes, and interpret the Constitution and ensure that the government operates within its bounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an Office Memorandum?

    <p>A formal communication issued by a relevant authority stating the policy or decision of the government.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Working of Institutions

    • Democracy involves more than just electing rulers; rulers must adhere to rules and procedures, working within established institutions.
    • Major decisions are made and implemented through interactions among legislature, executive, and judiciary.
    • Institutions are fundamental to a functioning democracy, including handling disputes and resolving conflicts.
    • Institutions are assessed by their functioning in terms of democracy and their connectedness to other institutions.
    • The national level government, commonly referred to as the Central Government or Union Government, serves as the primary subject of this chapter.
    • The chapter invites learners to consider examples from their own state governments.

    How Is a Major Policy Decision Taken?

    • Government orders, such as Office Memoranda, are frequently issued.
    • These orders often address various matters and can be lengthy documents.
    • They are typically signed by specific officers within the government.
    • Office Memoranda can sometimes become controversial and spark disputes.
    • The process often involves steps like report reviews, recommendations from committees, and discussion in Parliament.
    • The example focuses on the 27% reservation policy for socially and educationally backward classes.

    The Decision Makers

    • Key governmental actors involved in the decision-making process are the President, Prime Minister, and Parliament.
    • The decision-making process often extends beyond the individual signing the document, involving numerous other officials.
    • This example is from the working of the Union government.
    • It's vital to understand how these bodies interact during policy implementation and decision-making.

    Need for Political Institutions

    • The chapter highlights the significance of institutions in governing.
    • It addresses how institutions, such as the Cabinet, Civil Servants, and Supreme Court, function for effective governance.
    • These institutions are crucial for resolving conflicts and disputes within the governance framework.
    • The importance of institutions lies in their ability to maintain order and fairness in decision-making.

    Parliament

    • Parliament is the supreme political body, representing public sentiment.
    • Parliament exercises significant power in lawmaking and government oversight.
    • Parliament plays a vital role in controlling the government's spending.
    • The chapter emphasizes the specific role Parliament plays in approving government decisions, including legislative processes.
    • It includes the concept of the Parliament as the ultimate authority in a democracy.
    • The chapter mentions the composition of Parliament (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) and the significance of a majority.
    • The power dynamics between Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are detailed.
    • Parliament is responsible for creating laws and oversight of government actions.

    Political Executive

    • The political executive (Prime Minister, cabinet) directly derives authority from the people.
    • Institutions play a critical role in a democracy, ensuring checks and balances to power.
    • The relationship and balance of powers between different political bodies within a government are crucial.
    • Civil servants form the permanent executive body, supporting political leaders in carrying out daily governance functions.

    The Judiciary

    • The judiciary (Supreme Court, High Courts, and District Courts) is an independent institution responsible for upholding constitutional principles.
    • The judiciary acts as an essential check on the other branches of government, ensuring their actions are within constitutional bounds.
    • The judiciary is responsible for interpreting laws, deciding disputes, and reviewing government actions.
    • The judiciary is essential for fairness and protection of citizens' rights.

    Coalition Government

    • Coalition governments arise when no single political party secures a majority.
    • These governments necessitate negotiations between diverse parties to create a governing coalition.
    • Different viewpoints and priorities within the government are discussed.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the essential roles of institutions in a democratic setup, focusing on the interactions between the legislature, executive, and judiciary. It also discusses how major policy decisions are made and the significance of government orders. Examples from state governments will be considered to deepen understanding.

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