Work and Energy in Science

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Questions and Answers

What does 'work' mean in science?

Work is the energy transferred to an object when a force moves it.

How are 'work done' and 'energy transferred' linked?

They are equal.

What are the units for work done?

  • Metres
  • Force
  • Newtons
  • Joules (correct)

Convert 250cm into m.

<p>0.25m (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct equation for force? (Rearrange W=Fxs)

<p>Force = work done : distance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

<p>K.E. = 1/2 m v^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for elastic potential energy?

<p>Elastic potential energy = 0.5 × spring constant × (extension)^2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

<p>Energy = mass × gravitational field strength × height</p> Signup and view all the answers

What energy transfers occur when a person throws a ball up in the air, and it falls back down?

<p>Kinetic energy is transferred to gravitational potential energy as the ball is thrown, and then gravitational potential energy is transferred back to kinetic energy as the ball falls back down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Whenever work is done to overcome friction, energy is transferred as what?

<p>Heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is ‘work’ in science?

Work is defined as the transfer of energy to an object when a force moves an object.

How are ‘work done’ and ‘energy transferred’ linked?

The amount of work done on an object is equal to the energy transferred to it.

What are the units for work done?

The unit for work done is the Joule (J).

What is the equation for work done?

The equation for work done is: Work done = Force x Distance moved in the direction of the force.

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What are the units for Force, Distance and Work done?

Work done is measured in Joules (J). Force is measured in Newtons (N). Distance is measured in metres (m).

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What is braking force?

The braking force is the force applied to slow down an object.

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What happens when a force moves an object?

When a force moves an object, energy is transferred to the object. This is called work being done on the object.

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How is work done calculated?

Work done is calculated by multiplying the force applied and the distance moved in the direction of the force.

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How does friction relate to work done?

When work is done to overcome friction, energy is transferred as heat. For example, when you rub your hands together, they get hot.

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What is kinetic energy?

Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.

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What is the equation for kinetic energy?

The equation for kinetic energy is: KE = 1/2 * mass * (velocity)2

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What is elastic potential energy?

Elastic potential energy is stored in a stretched or compressed elastic material.

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What is the equation for elastic potential energy?

The equation for elastic potential energy is: Elastic potential energy = 0.5 * spring constant * (extension)^2

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What is gravitational potential energy?

Gravitational potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position above the ground.

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What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?

The equation for gravitational potential energy is: GPE = mass * gravitational field strength * height

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What energy transfers occur as a person throws a ball up in the air, and it falls back down?

When a ball is thrown upwards, energy is transferred from the kinetic energy store of the ball to the gravitational potential energy store as it rises. As the ball falls back down, energy is transferred back from gravitational potential energy to the kinetic energy store.

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What is a base unit?

A base unit is the fundamental unit in which a quantity is usually given.

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What is the base unit of temperature?

The base SI unit of temperature is degrees Celsius (℃).

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What is the base unit of mass?

The base SI unit of mass is kilogram (kg).

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What is the base unit of pressure?

The base SI unit of pressure is Pascal (Pa).

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What is the base unit of force?

The base SI unit of force is Newton (N).

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What is the base unit of volume?

The base SI unit of volume is cubic meter (m3).

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What is the base unit of distance?

The base SI unit of distance is meter (m).

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What is work done?

Work done is the product of force and the distance moved in the direction of the force.

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What is the equation for work done?

The equation for calculating work done is W = F x s, where W is work done, F is force, and s is distance.

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What is the base unit for work done?

The base unit for work done is the Joule (J), which is the same as the unit for energy.

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How do you calculate the distance moved in an equation involving work done?

To calculate the distance moved, rearrange the work done equation to s = W/F. Distance equals work done divided by force.

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Study Notes

Learning Intentions and Success Criteria

  • Students are aiming to understand and calculate the work done by a force.
  • Success criteria include explaining work in science, linking work to energy and calculating work done by a force.

Key Words

  • Work
  • Energy
  • Distance
  • Force

Equations

  • Kinetic Energy (KE): KE = 1/2 * m * v^2 (where m = mass and v = velocity)
  • Gravitational Potential Energy (GPE): E = m * g * h (where m = mass, g = gravitational field strength, and h = height)
  • Elastic Potential Energy: 0.5 * spring constant * (extension)^2
  • Work Done: W = F * s (where W = work done, F = force, and s = distance moved in the direction of the force)

Units

  • Work done is measured in Joules (J)
  • Force is measured in Newtons (N)
  • Distance is measured in metres (m)

Energy Transfer and Friction

  • When a force moves an object, energy is transferred to the object.
  • Work is done on the object.
  • Energy transferred equals work done.
  • Whenever work is done to overcome friction, energy is transferred as heat.
  • As an example, brake pads on a car get hot due to the transfer of kinetic energy into heat energy when the pads are applied over time to stop the car.

Example Calculations

  • Students should understand how to calculate work done using the formula W = F * s. For example, a cyclist using a constant braking force of 140N to stop over a distance of 24m requires a calculation of 3360J.
  • Similar example calculations are included in the slides giving further examples.

Additional Notes

  • The notes highlight the link between work and energy, defining work as the transfer of energy.
  • The relationship is explicitly demonstrated.
  • Identifying the fundamental units for various physical quantities such as temperature, mass, pressure, force, volume, and distance is crucial. Examples of units are °C for temperature, kg (kilograms) for mass, Pa (Pascals) for pressure, N (Newtons) for force, m³ (cubic meters) for volume and m (meters) for distance.
  • An understanding of how to apply the formula for calculating force based on rearranged equations is necessary.

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