Word Frequency Effects and Language Processing Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main focus of the chapter?

  • Understanding individual words
  • Understanding stories
  • Understanding inference and prediction in cognition (correct)
  • Understanding how language and music are connected

    • What did Helmholtz's theory of unconscious inference propose?

  • Ambiguity in visual stimuli is irrelevant
  • Dealing with ambiguity in visual stimuli involves unconscious inference (correct)
  • Visual stimuli are always interpreted consciously
  • Inference plays no role in visual perception

    • What does the chapter begin with?

  • Perceiving and understanding words (correct)
  • Understanding sentences with multiple meanings
  • The connection between language and music
  • The role of inference and prediction in cognition

    • What recurring themes are encountered throughout the story?

    <p>The role of inference and prediction in cognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a crucial role in language comprehension?

    <p>Inference and prediction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is language primarily used for?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows human language to create new and unique sentences?

    <p>Rule-based structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a universal need across cultures?

    <p>Using language for communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do deaf children in environments without sign language do?

    <p>Invent their own sign language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do children generally start babbling?

    <p>At 7 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge in understanding language?

    <p>Multiple word meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of human language compared to animal communication?

    <p>Rule-based structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of memories for past experiences in language comprehension?

    <p>To predict future occurrences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of language?

    <p>Communicating experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common feature of all languages despite their differences?

    <p>Shared functions of words and grammar rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age do children generally form multiword utterances?

    <p>At 2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major concern of psycholinguistics?

    <p>Language production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who proposed that language is learned through reinforcement?

    <p>B. F. Skinner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the lexicon refer to in psycholinguistics?

    <p>Mental dictionary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who identified areas in the brain responsible for language production and comprehension?

    <p>Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Noam Chomsky argue about human language?

    <p>It is genetically programmed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the study of psycholinguistics?

    <p>Understanding how people comprehend spoken and written language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency effect in language processing?

    <p>Words occurring more frequently are processed more quickly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did B. F. Skinner propose about language learning?

    <p>It is learned through reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the modern scientific study of language attributed to?

    <p>Paul Broca and Carl Wernicke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of semantics in language?

    <p>Refers to the meaning of language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Chomsky's disagreement with behaviorism lead to?

    <p>A significant shift in the focus of psycholinguistics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four major concerns of psycholinguistics?

    <p>Comprehension, representation, speech production, and acquisition of language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aids in speech segmentation and word perception for infants?

    <p>Statistical regularities in speech signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a significant role in organizing sounds into words?

    <p>Meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does lexical ambiguity refer to?

    <p>Words having multiple meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to determine the meanings of ambiguous words in a person's mind?

    <p>Lexical priming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a word is followed by another word with a similar meaning, facilitating faster response to the second word?

    <p>Lexical priming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What indicates the semantic relatedness of two words in a person's mind, aiding in understanding ambiguous words?

    <p>The presence of a lexical priming effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aids in distinguishing individual words in speech?

    <p>Familiarity with a language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What helps in rapidly disambiguating words?

    <p>Context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method used when seeing a stimulus makes it easier to respond to it when presented again, indicating activation of the stimulus representation?

    <p>Repetition priming</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What influences our ability to understand spoken words, acquired through learning and experience?

    <p>Word frequency, context, statistical regularities, and word meanings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does knowledge of word meanings aid in?

    <p>Speech segmentation and word perception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes it difficult to distinguish individual words in speech?

    <p>Unfamiliar languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lexical decision task used for?

    <p>Measuring processing differences between high- and low-frequency words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average frequency for low-frequency words?

    <p>5.1 times per million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the duration of the first fixation on low-frequency words compare to high-frequency words?

    <p>37 msec longer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the word frequency effect demonstrate?

    <p>How past experience with words influences the ability to access their meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total gaze duration on low-frequency words compared to high-frequency words?

    <p>87 msec longer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference in average frequency between high-frequency and low-frequency words?

    <p>117.2 times per million</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are high-frequency words responded to compared to low-frequency words?

    <p>More rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main factor influencing the ability to access word meaning according to the text?

    <p>Past experience with words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way do people pronounce words differently?

    <p>Accents, speeds, and relaxed approaches to pronunciations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do silences between words in normal conversation compare to written language?

    <p>There are no silences between words in normal conversation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What helps in understanding words according to the text?

    <p>Context</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has research using the lexical decision task demonstrated?

    <p>Slower responding to low-frequency words</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    The Word Frequency Effect and Processing Differences

    • Word frequency refers to the frequency of a word's appearance in a language.
    • High-frequency words like "home" are responded to more rapidly than low-frequency words like "hike."
    • A lexical decision task is used to illustrate processing differences between high- and low-frequency words.
    • Research using the lexical decision task has demonstrated slower responding to low-frequency words.
    • Frequency refers to how often a word occurs in normal language usage.
    • The average frequency for low-frequency words is 5.1 times per million, while for high-frequency words it is 122.3 times per million.
    • The duration of the first fixation on low-frequency words is 37 msec longer compared to high-frequency words.
    • The total gaze duration on low-frequency words is 87 msec longer than for high-frequency words.
    • The word frequency effect demonstrates how past experience with words influences the ability to access their meaning.
    • People pronounce words differently due to accents, speeds, and relaxed approaches to pronunciations.
    • Context helps in understanding words, as words are more difficult to understand when taken out of context.
    • In normal conversation, there are no silences between words, unlike the physical breaks between words in written language.

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    Chapter 11: Language PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of word frequency effects and processing differences with this quiz. Explore how word frequency impacts lexical decision tasks and influences the speed of word recognition. Learn about the role of context and experience in understanding words, and delve into the differences between high- and low-frequency words in language processing.

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