Chapter 23

Woodrow Wilson initially aimed for a less interventionist, morally-driven approach to foreign policy, focusing on intervention only when a moral imperative existed.

Wilson's approach to foreign relations prioritized morality and American values over self-interest. He believed in democracy as a path to global peace and stability.

Agreements intended to resolve international disputes peacefully via negotiation and commission instead of resorting to war.

William Jennings Bryan, as Secretary of State, promoted the signing of cooling off treaties and improving relations with countries like Colombia.

Despite initial efforts, Wilson faced increasing pressure to become involved in European conflicts due to Germany's actions and trade interests.

Woodrow Wilson's approach to international relations was driven by moral principles and aimed to reduce intervention, although it often faced significant challenges in reality.

Taft's foreign policy that used US economic power to gain favorable trade agreements and political influence.

An agreement between the United States and Japan that recognized Japanese control over Manchuria in exchange for Japan not taking advantage of the war to gain wider control in China.

Wilson's involvement in the Mexican Revolution, characterized by refusing to recognize Huerta's government, sending troops to Veracruz, and supporting rebel forces like Pancho Villa.

Major global conflict that began in Europe in 1914 and largely involved European nations and alliances.

A military alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy designed for mutual defense.

The opposing side in WWI, initially formed around the Triple Entente, and later included the US and Japan.

British passenger ship sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, causing many American casualties and tension in the US.

A new style of warfare during WWI, characterized by prolonged stalemate in trenches, using various weaponry, and high casualties.

Wilson's initial policy of staying out of WWI, balancing commercial interests and American lives.

America initially tried to stay out of the European war, prioritizing impartiality and good relations with all sides.

Trade with Allied nations (especially Great Britain) massively increased, while trade with Germany significantly decreased due to blockade.

Germany's use of unrestricted submarine warfare, targeting US ships, strained US neutrality.

A German message proposing a Mexican alliance against the United States in WWI.

Wilson campaigned on a "keeping us out of war" platform during 1916 to maintain neutrality.

A coded message proposing a military alliance between Germany and Mexico, promising Mexico regaining lost lands (Arizona, New Mexico, Texas) in exchange for invading the US.

Wilson's speech advocating for a peaceful resolution to WWI without imposing harsh terms on any side, aiming for equality between nations.

A law requiring men of a specific age range (later widened) to register for military service, essential for building a large US army quickly during WWI.

The US formally entered WWI against Germany in 1917, after considering the Zimmermann Telegram and submarine warfare.

In 1917, the US Army was relatively small (around 200,000 soldiers), compared to the massive German army of over 4.5 million initially.