30 Questions
Which material was used to construct the Spruce Goose aircraft?
Wood
What was the maximum takeoff weight of the Spruce Goose aircraft?
400,000 pounds
How many horsepower did each Pratt and Whitney R-4360 engine produce?
3,000 horsepower
What type of aircraft construction has become more prevalent over time?
Metal
What is the purpose of building most wood aircraft today?
Recreation
Which type of wood is typically used for construction and graded based on strength and load carrying ability?
Softwood
What is the mil-spec for solid spruce?
Mills 6073
What is the mil-spec for plywood?
Mills P6070B
What is the maximum acceptable diameter for hard knots in wood used for aircraft repair?
3/8 inch
What type of grain is acceptable in wood used for aircraft repair if the grain does not diverge from the longitudinal axis of the material more than specified?
All of the above
Which material was among the first used to construct aircraft?
Wood
What were most of the airplanes built during World War One constructed of?
Wood frames with fabric coverings
Why was wood the material of choice for aircraft construction into the 1930s?
Lack of suitable corrosion resistant materials for all metal aircraft
Which company designed and developed the bomber named the Mosquito?
de Havilland
What were the main materials used in the construction of the Mosquito airplanes?
Spruce, birch plywood, and balsa wood
Which one of these is a type of defect in wood caused by artificially induced stress?
Compression wood
What is the main characteristic of compression wood?
Little contrast in color between spring wood and summer wood
Which type of defect is characterized by longitudinal cracks usually between two annual rings?
Shakes
What are longitudinal cracks extending across the annual rings called?
Checks
Which type of defect is difficult to recognize readily and is detrimental to strength?
Splits
According to the text, what is the purpose of the AC mentioned in the first paragraph?
To specify acceptable methods for aircraft inspection and repair
According to the text, what is one of the criteria necessary for the use of the AC in part?
The AC must not be contrary to manufacturer's data
According to the text, what does Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) Part 65 state?
Certificated mechanics may not perform work for which they are not rated
According to the text, what is the ideal range of moisture in wood structures of an aircraft?
8 to 12
According to the text, what is permissible for light structures using single plywood covering?
Undulation or bulging between panels
Which of the following is an indication of deterioration in plywood and spruce structures?
Contours and alignment of leading and trailing edges
What may be affected if there is deterioration in leading and trailing edges?
The main wing structure
What can cause wood and glue deterioration inside a structure, even without external indications?
Moisture
Why is glue joint inspection in wooden aircraft structures challenging?
Limited access and difficulty in assessing joint integrity
How can water penetration be detected in wooden aircraft structures?
Dark gray streaks, discoloration, or corrosion around screws and fittings
Study Notes
Inspection and Repair of Wooden Aircraft Structures
- Contours and alignment of leading and trailing edges need to be checked for shape deviation, as it indicates deterioration in the plywood and spruce structures.
- Deterioration in leading and trailing edges may affect the main wing structure, requiring a detailed internal inspection.
- Splits in fabric covering on plywood surfaces should be investigated to assess the condition of the plywood skin beneath.
- Moisture can cause wood and glue deterioration inside a structure, even without external indications.
- Musty or multi-odor during initial inspection indicates moisture, fungal growth, and possible decay inside the aircraft structure.
- Glue joint inspection in wooden aircraft structures is challenging due to limited access and difficulty in assessing joint integrity.
- Wood shrinkage caused by temperature and humidity changes can lead to glue joint deterioration, especially in cyclic environments.
- Glue joint failure can occur due to aging, moisture, mechanical forces, or incorrect application of pressure during manufacturing.
- Wood decay and dry rot are easily detectable through discoloration, softening, or crushing of the wood.
- Water penetration can be detected through dark gray streaks, discoloration, or corrosion around screws and fittings.
- Fabric covering on plywood surfaces provides an indication of the wood condition underneath and should be inspected for cracks or swelling.
- Mechanical defects, such as compression failures, cracks, or missing/loose attachments, should be checked in structural members and spars.
Test your knowledge on the inspection and repair of wooden aircraft structures with this informative quiz. Learn about key indicators of deterioration, moisture damage, glue joint integrity, wood decay, and more. Assess your understanding of detecting and addressing mechanical defects in structural members and spars.
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