Women's Health and Social Status Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What factor is indicated as having a significant impact on a woman's ability to seek and utilize health services?

Access to technology

Political commitment

Women's income and access to resources (correct)

Geographic location

What is identified as a crucial aspect for ensuring the accessibility of health services to those in need?

Political commitment (correct)

Community engagement

Private healthcare options

Individual health education

Which of the following terms was used to describe the status of women in a global survey conducted in 1988?

Uneducated, Unemployed, Unhealthy

Marginalized, Overworked, Undervalued

Poor, Powerless, Pregnant (correct)

Invisible, Ignored, Impoverished

Low social status of women is associated with which of the following outcomes?

Increased maternal morbidity and mortality Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between women's health and their social status?

A low social status can lead to health risks and decreased wellbeing for women. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant burden placed on women with low social status?

Severe burden and overwork from multiple responsibilities Signup and view all the answers

What must women achieve to fulfill their reproductive duties safely and efficiently?

Physical, mental, and social health Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is highlighted as likely to impact maternal morbidity and mortality in the short term?

Access to health care services Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of pregnant women are estimated to have syphilis in developing countries?

10 to 15 percent Signup and view all the answers

How many pregnancies affected by syphilis are likely to have an adverse outcome?

Two thirds Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the high risk of AIDS transmission in women?

Sexually transmitted diseases prevalence Signup and view all the answers

Why is reliable screening for syphilis and gonorrhoea essential in prenatal care?

It is a cost-effective intervention Signup and view all the answers

How does the rate of HIV infection in women compare to that in men in Uganda?

Approximately 1.4 times that of men Signup and view all the answers

At what age group is the rate of HIV infection greater among women compared to men?

15-19 years Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the serious obstacles to effective screening and treatment programs for pregnant women?

Limited recognition as core care Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the practice of female genital mutilation?

Cultural and religious requirements Signup and view all the answers

What is the transmission rate of HIV from male to female compared to female to male?

2.5 times higher from male to female Signup and view all the answers

Which country has a reported 100% prevalence of female genital mutilation?

Somalia Signup and view all the answers

Which type of FGM involves the removal of the entire clitoris and parts of the labia?

Radical circumcision Signup and view all the answers

In which African country is FGM performed as a cultural norm in the Christian highlands?

Ethiopia Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of women and girls subjected to FGM globally, according to WHO?

85-114 million Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following countries has permissive abortion laws for socio-economic reasons?

Zambia Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of women underwent FGM in Egypt as reported in 1998?

94% Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant result of excision during childbirth?

Severe scarring and hemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as a child according to the legal definition provided?

Every human being below the age of 18 years, unless majority is attained earlier Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of child deaths are considered preventable through immunization and improved management of diarrhoea?

75% Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the leading cause of preventable child deaths mentioned in the content?

Pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What crucial factors make certain groups more vulnerable to diseases, disability, and death?

Environment, reproductive status, and age Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate number of infant deaths per year in Ethiopia?

210,000 Signup and view all the answers

What does the concept of 'the three D’s' encompass regarding child vulnerability?

Disability, death, and disease Signup and view all the answers

How many children die from preventable diseases each year worldwide?

13 million Signup and view all the answers

Which developmental stage is specifically highlighted as crucial for health outcomes in children?

Pregnancy and reproductive age Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary risk factor associated with teenage pregnancy?

Early adolescent pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of pregnant women may suffer from prolonged or obstructed labour?

1 to 13 percent Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recognized essential obstetric function to relieve obstructed labour?

Operative delivery Signup and view all the answers

What is one identified strategy to prevent obstructed labour?

Early detection and referral Signup and view all the answers

What does the partograph help health staff monitor in a laboring woman?

Cervical dilation over time Signup and view all the answers

What complication can arise from prolonged labour?

Increased risk of vesico-vaginal fistula Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is not necessarily always a cause of prolonged labour?

Cephalo-pelvic disproportion Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of lack of access to timely operative delivery in developing countries?

Preventable maternal and fetal deaths Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Reproductive and Health Behaviour

Influences on a woman's pregnancy include age, pregnancy desirability, and health care access.
Women's income and decision-making power significantly affect their health service utilization.
Political commitment is essential for resource allocation and accessible services.

Low social status severely impacts women's health, leading to conditions like the "Poor, Powerless, Pregnant" stereotype.
Approximately 50% of women and girls face threats to their health, limited rights, and restricted economic participation.
Low status contributes to increased workload and exposure to physically demanding tasks.

Maternal Morbidity and Mortality

Various factors influence maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly affecting short-term maternal death rates.
Women must be healthy physically, mentally, and socially to fulfill reproductive duties and contribute to communities.

Risks of Teenage Pregnancy

Teenage pregnancy significantly correlates with first-time delivery complications.
Between 1% and 13% of pregnant women experience obstructed labor, with rates varying globally.
Obstructed labor can result in maternal and fetal death from infections or asphyxia.

Importance of Operative Delivery

Timely operative delivery is crucial in managing obstructed labor, particularly in developing regions with limited access to health facilities.
Strategies such as prenatal risk screening and early referrals can help prevent obstructed labor.

Monitoring Labour Progress

The partograph is a valuable tool for monitoring labor, helping to identify prolonged labor and enhance decision-making.
Cervical assessments should occur every four hours to ensure timely interventions.

Abortion Laws

Many developing countries have restrictive abortion laws, with certain exceptions for socio-economic reasons in a few African nations.
Countries like Zambia and Tunisia permit abortions under specific circumstances.

Female Genital Mutilation (FGM)

FGM significantly contributes to maternal morbidity and mortality, practiced in 27 African countries as a cultural norm.
WHO estimates 85 to 114 million women and girls have undergone FGM, with varying prevalence across countries (e.g., 100% in Somalia).

Types of FGM

Sunna: Mildest form, includes removal of the clitoral hood.
Excision: Removes the entire clitoris; poses severe risks during delivery.
Radical Circumcision: Involves extensive removal of female genitalia, leading to severe complications.

Screening and Treatment for STDs

Screening for syphilis and gonorrhea is critical in prenatal care, with significant adverse pregnancy outcomes linked to untreated STDs.
Approximately 10-15% of pregnant women have syphilis, with two-thirds experiencing adverse outcomes.

HIV/AIDS in Women

Women face a higher risk of AIDS transmission, particularly young women aged 15-19.
The transmission rate of HIV from male to female is significantly higher compared to female to male.

Children's Health Issues

A child is defined as anyone below 18 years unless defined otherwise by law.
Approximately 13 million children die annually from preventable diseases, with pneumonia, diarrhea, and vaccine-preventable diseases being the leading causes.
Ethiopia reports very high child mortality rates, with 210,000 infants dying yearly, primarily from preventable causes.

Growth and Development in Children

Growth and development stages are critical, especially during young and reproductive ages.
Vulnerable groups require targeted preventive and curative health services to combat disease, disability, and death.
Continuous growth is a sequential process, with each stage influencing subsequent development.

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Description

This quiz explores the critical factors affecting women's health services and their accessibility. It also examines the relationship between social status and health outcomes for women. Test your knowledge on the global perspective of women's health as it relates to social status.