Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the due date for the online quizzes?
What is the due date for the online quizzes?
What is the weight of the Midterm exam?
What is the weight of the Midterm exam?
What is the name of the required textbook for the course?
What is the name of the required textbook for the course?
What is the due date for the Media Assignment?
What is the due date for the Media Assignment?
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What is the format of the Final Exam?
What is the format of the Final Exam?
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What is the main goal of specialty courts in Canada?
What is the main goal of specialty courts in Canada?
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Which type of court handles cases involving claims against the government?
Which type of court handles cases involving claims against the government?
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Which of the following is NOT a federal tribunal whose decisions are reviewed by the Federal Court of Appeal?
Which of the following is NOT a federal tribunal whose decisions are reviewed by the Federal Court of Appeal?
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What was the primary finding of the Brown Commission report released in 1849?
What was the primary finding of the Brown Commission report released in 1849?
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What was the reason behind the practice of housing female inmates with male inmates in the past?
What was the reason behind the practice of housing female inmates with male inmates in the past?
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What was the primary focus of the 'Creating Choices' report?
What was the primary focus of the 'Creating Choices' report?
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Which organization reviews policies of the Correctional Service Canada (CSC)?
Which organization reviews policies of the Correctional Service Canada (CSC)?
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What criticism did the 'Creating Choices' report face?
What criticism did the 'Creating Choices' report face?
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What is a key goal of the Canadian Association of Elizabeth Fry Societies?
What is a key goal of the Canadian Association of Elizabeth Fry Societies?
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What role do Citizen Advisory Committees (CAC’s) play within the correctional justice system?
What role do Citizen Advisory Committees (CAC’s) play within the correctional justice system?
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Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the RCMP?
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of the RCMP?
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Which of these is a key difference between provincial and municipal police services in Canada?
Which of these is a key difference between provincial and municipal police services in Canada?
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How many stand-alone municipal police organizations exist in Canada?
How many stand-alone municipal police organizations exist in Canada?
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What is the highest court level in each Canadian province?
What is the highest court level in each Canadian province?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of case handled by Provincial and Territorial Courts?
Which of the following is NOT a type of case handled by Provincial and Territorial Courts?
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Which type of policing agreement allows a First Nation or Inuit community to manage its own police service?
Which type of policing agreement allows a First Nation or Inuit community to manage its own police service?
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Which of the following is a primary responsibility of the Minister of Public Safety in Canada?
Which of the following is a primary responsibility of the Minister of Public Safety in Canada?
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What is the name of the training depot for the RCMP?
What is the name of the training depot for the RCMP?
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What year did the Prison for Women (P4W) close?
What year did the Prison for Women (P4W) close?
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Which of the following gendered rehabilitation programs were offered at P4W?
Which of the following gendered rehabilitation programs were offered at P4W?
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What major concern was raised about the housing of women in P4W?
What major concern was raised about the housing of women in P4W?
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Which institution was specifically noted for its healing lodge for Indigenous women?
Which institution was specifically noted for its healing lodge for Indigenous women?
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What was the main goal of the Task Force on Federally Sentenced Women (TFFSW)?
What was the main goal of the Task Force on Federally Sentenced Women (TFFSW)?
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By what percentage did the number of women in federal corrections increase since 2014/2015?
By what percentage did the number of women in federal corrections increase since 2014/2015?
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Which of the following was NOT a reported issue with P4W?
Which of the following was NOT a reported issue with P4W?
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What was a key characteristic of the five initial institutions opened for women after P4W was closed?
What was a key characteristic of the five initial institutions opened for women after P4W was closed?
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What was the primary purpose of Nixon's War on Drugs?
What was the primary purpose of Nixon's War on Drugs?
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What consequence do many incarcerated mothers face regarding their children?
What consequence do many incarcerated mothers face regarding their children?
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Which program was implemented in 2001 to support incarcerated mothers?
Which program was implemented in 2001 to support incarcerated mothers?
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What is one eligibility requirement for the Mother-Child Program?
What is one eligibility requirement for the Mother-Child Program?
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Which population accounts for a significant percentage of self-harm incidents in corrections?
Which population accounts for a significant percentage of self-harm incidents in corrections?
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How did the officers involved in the April 22, 1994, women's prison riot respond afterward?
How did the officers involved in the April 22, 1994, women's prison riot respond afterward?
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What is a common coping strategy some women may use while incarcerated?
What is a common coping strategy some women may use while incarcerated?
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What was a significant action taken as a response to the P4W riot on April 26?
What was a significant action taken as a response to the P4W riot on April 26?
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Flashcards
Course Syllabus
Course Syllabus
A document outlining course objectives and evaluation methods.
Online Quizzes
Online Quizzes
Assessments due every second Monday, forming 15% of the grade.
Midterm Exam
Midterm Exam
An in-class exam worth 25% of the overall grade, scheduled for Feb 12.
Media Assignment
Media Assignment
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Final Take-Home Exam
Final Take-Home Exam
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Courts of Appeal
Courts of Appeal
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Provincial Specialty Courts
Provincial Specialty Courts
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Federal Courts
Federal Courts
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Supreme Court of Canada
Supreme Court of Canada
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Correctional System
Correctional System
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Three tiers of policing
Three tiers of policing
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Municipal policing
Municipal policing
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Provincial policing
Provincial policing
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RCMP
RCMP
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First Nations Policing Policy (FNPP)
First Nations Policing Policy (FNPP)
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Self-administered Police Service Agreements
Self-administered Police Service Agreements
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Community Tripartite Agreements
Community Tripartite Agreements
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Provincial Courts
Provincial Courts
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Prison for Women (P4W)
Prison for Women (P4W)
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Closure of P4W
Closure of P4W
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TFFSW
TFFSW
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Gendered rehabilitation programs
Gendered rehabilitation programs
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Indigenous women's needs
Indigenous women's needs
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Regional facilities for women
Regional facilities for women
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Increase in incarcerated women
Increase in incarcerated women
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Main facilities for women
Main facilities for women
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Creating Choices Report
Creating Choices Report
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Arbour Inquiry
Arbour Inquiry
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Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI)
Office of the Correctional Investigator (OCI)
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Citizen Advisory Committees (CAC's)
Citizen Advisory Committees (CAC's)
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Canadian Association of Elizabeth Fry Societies
Canadian Association of Elizabeth Fry Societies
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War on Drugs
War on Drugs
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Mother-Child Program (MCP)
Mother-Child Program (MCP)
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Incarcerated Mothers
Incarcerated Mothers
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Coping Strategies
Coping Strategies
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Self-Injury in Incarcerated Women
Self-Injury in Incarcerated Women
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Indigenous Women and Self-Harm
Indigenous Women and Self-Harm
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April 22nd Incident
April 22nd Incident
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Criticisms of MCP
Criticisms of MCP
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Study Notes
Women, Law, and Crime
- The course covers women, law, and crime, including the Canadian legal system
- The course objectives include introduction, syllabus review, Kahoot, and an introduction to women in law and crime.
Course Syllabus
-
Required text: Barker, J., & Tavcer, D.S. (2022). Women and the Criminal Justice System: A Canadian Perspective (3rd ed.). Edmond Publishing.
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Evaluation:
- Online Quizzes (15%): Due every other Monday by 4:00 pm. Best 3 out of 5.
- Midterm (25%): February 12th, in class.
- Media Assignment (30%): Due March 19th.
- Final Take-Home Exam (30%):
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Teaching Assistants (TAs):
- Molly Phillips: [email protected]
- Claire Rahija: [email protected]
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Office Hours: Mondays, 2-3 pm, RCE 251 or by appointment
Canadian Policing Structure
- Three tiers:
- Municipal (137 stand-alone organizations in Canada, highest in Ontario—44).
- Provincial (Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland).
- Federal (RCMP).
Indigenous Policing
- Introduced June 1991 (FNPP)—First Nations Policing Policy.
- Two types of policing agreements:
- Self-administered Police Service Agreements: First Nations or Inuit communities manage their own police service under provincial legislation.
- Community Tripartite Agreements: RCMP officers work with First Nations and Inuit communities.
Provincial Courts
- Each province has its own provincial court—the first level for criminal cases.
- Three levels:
- Provincial/Territorial Courts: Handle less serious crimes (by-laws, small claims, traffic violations, family law).
- Superior Courts: Hear most serious criminal cases (jury trials).
- Courts of Appeal: Review cases from provincial/territorial superior courts.
Provincial Specialty Courts
- Specialty courts exist at the provincial/territorial level.
- Created to deal with specific types of offences (drug treatment, domestic violence).
Federal Courts
- Deal with claims against the government and federal areas (immigration, citizenship).
- Specialized courts: Tax Court, Military Court.
- Federal Court of Appeal: Reviews decisions of federal tribunals (copyright board, human rights tribunal, transportation appeals).
Supreme Court of Canada
- Highest court in Canada—no trials held here, only appeals from other courts.
- Composed of a chief justice and eight other judges, appointed by the prime minister.
- Reviews cases from different provinces and territories.
Correctional System
- Consists of federal and provincial services.
- Women are incarcerated at a much lower rate than men (7.45% in 2018-2020).
- Due to a smaller number of female offenders, female inmates are sometimes housed with males.
Prison for Women (P4W)
- Opened in 1934.
- Faced many issues like gendered rehabilitation programs (hairdressing, housekeeping), housing costs, and problems with housing all women in one prison.
- Located far from women's Homes.
- Lack of French and Indigenous programming.
- Closed in 2000.
Prisons for Women (current)
- Grand Valley Institution for Women (Kitchener, ON).
- Nova Institution (Nova Scotia).
- Edmonton Institution for Women (Alberta).
- Joliette Institution (Quebec).
- Okimaw Ohci Healing Lodge (Saskatchewan).
Statistics of Incarcerated Women
- The number of women in federal corrections increased by 20% between 2014-2015 but the total number of offenders changed very little.
Criminalized Women
- "Criminalized" describes individuals whose behaviors are sanctioned by law; race, class, gender, and sexuality affect criminalization.
- Crimes against the person (23%).
- Crimes against property (25.8%).
Theft and Fraud
- Two common crimes among women: theft and fraud.
- Economic needs are a significant factor.
Black Women, Fraud, and Welfare Queen
- Black women were blamed for welfare fraud in the 1980s and 1990s.
Illicit Drugs
- Women are commonly charged with drug-related activities (driving under the influence, possession, trafficking, importation).
- Drug-related offences increased by 52% from 1991-2014.
War on Drugs
- President Nixon launched strategies to combat drug use and distribution.
- Canada followed with similar policies like Harper's Safe Streets and Community Act.
- Emily Murphy: One of the "Famous Five" and referred to as the "mother of marijuana criminalization."
Incarcerated Mothers
- Many incarcerated women are mothers.
- Children of incarcerated mothers are often placed in foster care or with other family members.
- Women worry about their children, causing stress.
- Some women are allowed to have their children in prison, but most are not.
Mother-Child Program (MCP)
- Government-initiated program to keep families together.
- Implemented in 2001.
- Eligibility criteria include minimum or medium security, no mental health issues or criminal charges against a child, and access to an inmate babysitter/alternate caregiver outside prison.
Coping Strategies
- Many women develop coping strategies when incarcerated, including self-injury (24-38% among incarcerated women, 45.9% Indigenous women).
- Suicide rates among incarcerated women are higher.
- Alcohol and drug abuse are also common.
April 22nd Incident
- Women's prison riot at P4W on April 22, 1994.
- Riot involved throwing food, verbally assaulting officers, slashing, and attempted hostage-taking.
The Fifth Estate-P4W Riot Video and Discussion
- Fifth Estate- video that discusses the riot
- Topics to consider in the discussion include whether women's rights were violated, the warden's response, and a Commission of Inquiry.
Creating Choices Report
- Released in 1990 by the Task Force on Federally Sentenced Women.
- Highlighted problems with the correctional system, but criticisms of the report included that it failed to fully address the criteria of women-centeredness.
Watchdog Groups
- Groups dedicated to ensuring rights within the Canadian legal system (i.e. Correctional Investigator, Citizen Advisory Committees, and the Canadian Association of Elizabeth Fry Societies).
- Goal to support incarcerated women and girls, increase awareness of "decarceration."
Next Week: Theoretical Perspectives
- Required reading: Chapter Two
- Reminders: registration for accessibility services, opt-out deadline for textbooks, office hours.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of women, law, and crime within the Canadian legal framework. Explore the course syllabus, evaluation methods, and the structure of Canadian policing. Engage in discussions that highlight the significance of women's roles in the criminal justice system.