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Questions and Answers

Which practice expectation involves actively addressing health and nursing issues affecting clients?

  • Providing feedback to peers
  • Proactively engaging with professional organizations (correct)
  • Documenting nursing activities
  • Participating in community events

What is a key component of reflective practice in community health nursing?

  • Engaging in group discussions
  • Assessing personal nursing practice (correct)
  • Focusing solely on theoretical knowledge
  • Avoiding cultural considerations

Which of the following best describes cultural humility?

  • A specific set of cultural practices to follow
  • An acknowledgment of the complexity of cultural identity (correct)
  • A focus on improving one's own culture
  • A method to enforce cultural norms

What role does mentorship play in community health nursing?

<p>It contributes to the advancement of the field. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which practice expectation relates to the use of resources for evaluating nursing outcomes?

<p>Quality improvement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of documenting community health nursing activities?

<p>It enhances communication and accountability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle emphasizes the need for continuous improvement in nursing practices?

<p>Quality improvement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The concept of Indigenous ways of knowing is primarily concerned with:

<p>Community-based approaches to health (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of public health nursing?

<p>To promote the health of populations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the origins of public health nursing in Canada?

<p>Influence of early social reforms and environmental cleanliness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Public Health Nursing competencies include which of the following skills?

<p>Skills in assessment and analysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Public Health Agency of Canada addresses which aspect of public safety?

<p>Food recalls and health risks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of prevention is primarily emphasized in public health practice?

<p>Primary prevention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one role of the Chief Public Health Officer in Canada?

<p>To provide public health leadership and advice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is essential in public health nursing according to community health assessment?

<p>Guided by population health status (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In public health practice, what aspect does population health status emphasize?

<p>Broad determinants of health for all groups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a focus area of the Public Health Agency of Canada?

<p>Personal health coaching (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Effective communication in public health nursing aims to achieve which of the following?

<p>Enhance partnerships and advocacy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key principle in fostering community development?

<p>Emphasizing the community members' expertise (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a challenge faced by Community Health Nurses (CHNs)?

<p>Implementing advanced technological solutions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important role of public health nurses in schools?

<p>To promote health among the school community (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is considered part of the school community?

<p>School-aged children and adolescents (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child emphasize?

<p>Children’s right to express their opinions on matters concerning them (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key approach used in health assessment according to the provided content?

<p>Strength-based holistic health assessment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of comprehensive school health?

<p>Integrating health promotion into the school environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is essential when assessing health inequalities in Indigenous populations?

<p>Incorporating Indigenous ways of knowing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for school-based nurses to adopt an anti-oppressive lens?

<p>To empower children's voices and advocate for their rights (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should community health nurses utilize epidemiological data?

<p>Through population level actions such as health education (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following principles is NOT included in the time-tested principles for community involvement?

<p>Avoid challenges (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What approach should be integrated into health promotion interventions?

<p>Cultural safety and humility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect should community health nurses evaluate in their interventions?

<p>Health promotion activities and their effectiveness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fundamental goal of using a socio-ecological model in health practices?

<p>To address systemic structures and context (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of strategies should community health nurses use to advocate for public health policy?

<p>Social marketing and media advocacy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT considered a determinant of health?

<p>Personal preferences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key consideration when prioritizing health issues in a community health program?

<p>Community preferences (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following frameworks is used for program planning and evaluation?

<p>Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the program planning and evaluation cycle, what is meant by the term 'not linear'?

<p>It may involve repeatedly refining and adjusting based on feedback. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT typically considered when prioritizing health issues?

<p>Personal opinions of family members (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'logic model' framework aim to accomplish in program evaluation?

<p>Providing a visual representation of program components and their relationships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an essential step when choosing a program intervention?

<p>Considering community needs and resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be evaluated regularly as part of the program planning process?

<p>Community readiness for interventions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In program evaluation, which type of evaluation focuses on the outcomes or results delivered?

<p>Outcome evaluation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a community assessment?

<p>To appraise the ongoing health dynamics and functions of the community (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is it essential to conduct a community assessment?

<p>When considering introducing a new program or in response to a crisis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which framework focuses on examining the frequency and distribution of health issues in the population?

<p>Epidemiological Framework (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect does the Deficit Based approach focus on in community assessment?

<p>Identification of needs and problems within the community (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a question posed in the Asset Approach to community capacity assessment?

<p>What are our major safety concerns? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Epidemiological Framework, what does the term 'agent' refer to?

<p>The elements causing health conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of capacity building in community health assessment?

<p>To increase the community’s ability to implement health initiatives (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach emphasizes the positive aspects and strengths of a community?

<p>Community Assets Approach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Community Assessment

A systematic process of evaluating the health of a community, considering factors like social determinants of health.

Epidemiological Framework

Examines the frequency and distribution of diseases or health issues in a community using the epidemiology triangle. It focuses on the host, environment, and agent.

Community Capacity Approach

Focuses on identifying and strengthening the assets and resources within a community to improve health.

Host

The people or groups affected by a health issue in the community.

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Environment

The physical and social surroundings where a health issue occurs.

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Agent

The cause or factor that contributes to a health issue.

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Asset Approach

Focuses on strengths and resources within a community to promote health.

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Deficit Based Approach

Primarily identifies problems and needs within a community.

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Public Health Nursing

A field of nursing that focuses on protecting and promoting the health of entire populations, using various programs, services, and policies.

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Lillian Wald

A pioneering figure in public health nursing, she established the first public health nursing service in the US and distinguished it from traditional hospital-based nursing.

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Social Gospel Movement

A social movement advocating for social justice and improving living conditions for the poor and marginalized, influencing the development of public health nursing in Canada.

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Public Health Science

A field of study that focuses on understanding the factors that influence the health of populations and developing strategies to improve public health.

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Primary Health Care

A philosophy of healthcare that emphasizes preventing illness and promoting health through community-based services like vaccinations and health education.

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Public Health Competencies

Essential knowledge, skills, and attitudes needed for effective public health practice, encompassing areas like program planning, communication, and community engagement.

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Determinants of Health

Factors that influence the health of individuals and populations, including social, economic, and environmental factors.

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Primary Prevention

Preventing disease or injury before it occurs, often through education, vaccination, and environmental interventions.

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Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)

The national public health agency responsible for protecting and promoting the health of Canadians through various programs, services, and research.

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Chief Public Health Officer

The highest-ranking public health official in Canada, providing expert advice and guidance on national health issues.

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Community Health Nurses (CHNs)

Nurses working to improve the health of entire communities, not just individuals.

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Power Differentials

Unequal power dynamics between CHNs and the community they serve.

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Comprehensive School Health

A holistic approach to health in schools, promoting physical, mental, and social well-being.

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Indigenous School Health Framework

A tailored approach to school health, respecting Indigenous cultural contexts.

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School Community

All individuals involved in the school system, including students, parents, staff, and neighbors.

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Child & Youth Health Promotion

Promoting healthy behaviors and outcomes in children and youth through school settings.

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Children's Right to Participate

Children have the right to have a say in decisions that affect them, including school health.

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Anti-Oppressive Lens

Viewing children and their needs from a perspective that challenges oppression and inequality.

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Program Planning & Evaluation Cycle

A continuous process of assessing health needs, planning interventions, implementing programs, monitoring progress, and evaluating effectiveness.

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Prioritizing Health Issues

Deciding which health issues to address first based on factors like severity, prevalence, resources, equity, community support, and political will.

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Factors in Prioritizing Health Issues

These include the size of the problem (number affected), seriousness (potential for disability or death), resource availability, equity, community awareness and motivation, and political will.

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Steps to Choosing an Intervention

Identify relevant practices or interventions, evaluate their effectiveness and feasibility in the community, and implement with flexibility and ongoing evaluation.

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Reach, Dose, Intensity

These factors influence the success of an intervention. Reach refers to the target population, dose is the amount of intervention, and intensity is the quality and tailoring of the intervention.

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Community Readiness

The level of preparedness and willingness of a community to adopt and support an intervention.

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Program Planning & Evaluation Frameworks

Models that guide the planning and evaluation process. Examples include logic models, precede-proceed framework, and SWOT analysis.

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Policy Window

A favorable opportunity to implement a policy or intervention that aligns with existing political and social conditions.

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Holistic Health Assessment

A comprehensive evaluation of a client's health that considers their physical, mental, emotional, and social well-being, using various sources and methods.

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Root Causes of Health Issues

Exploring the underlying factors that contribute to illness and disease, going beyond immediate symptoms to address deeper issues like poverty, discrimination, and environmental factors.

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Cultural Safety & Humility

Approaches in health promotion that respect and value cultural differences, ensuring services are culturally appropriate and delivered in a way that promotes safety and trust.

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Socio-ecological Model

A framework that acknowledges multiple factors influencing health, including individual behaviors, social relationships, community factors, and societal policies.

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Prevention & Health Protection

Actions taken to minimize the occurrence of diseases and injuries, using strategies like health education, screening, immunization, and environmental interventions.

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Surveillance & Trend Analysis

Monitoring health data to identify patterns and trends in disease occurrence, allowing for timely interventions and resource allocation.

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Risk Factor Identification

Identifying potential factors that increase the risk of developing a health issue, allowing for targeted interventions and preventative measures.

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Collaborative System Change

Working with clients and partners to advocate for changes in policies and systems that support health and well-being.

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Cultural Safety

Practices that respect and uphold the cultural values and beliefs of individuals and communities served, ensuring they feel safe and respected in healthcare.

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Cultural Humility

A lifelong process of self-reflection and learning to understand and respect diverse cultures, acknowledging power imbalances and working towards equitable healthcare.

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Indigenous Ways of Knowing

Recognizing and valuing traditional knowledge, practices, and perspectives of Indigenous peoples, incorporating them into healthcare.

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Levels of Prevention

Strategies aimed at preventing illness or injury at different stages, including primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.

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Disease Management

A collaborative approach to managing chronic illnesses, involving patients, families, and healthcare providers.

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Critical Appraisal

Evaluating the quality and reliability of research studies to ensure evidence-based practice.

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Knowledge Translation

The process of moving research findings into practice to improve health outcomes.

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Quality Improvement

A continuous process of assessing and improving the quality of healthcare services to achieve optimal outcomes.

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Study Notes

Introduction Outline

  • Course introduction
  • Syllabus review
  • Questions about the course and instructor
  • About the instructor

Nursing Background

  • Public health nurse role
  • Community-Based Participatory Research (CBPR)
  • Mixed methods research

Community Health Course

  • 36 hours of course time
  • Lectures in-person
  • N01: September 4-December 4, 2024
  • N03: September 5-December 5, 2024
  • Contacting the instructor via USask email

Canvas

  • Modules, readings, and resources
  • Required readings, lecture content, and guest speakers are all testable

Course Objectives

  • Integrate the concept of community with the community health nursing role
  • Describe community-based concepts
  • Utilize relevant theories and tools to assess, plan, evaluate, and implement nursing practice
  • Identify resources and create strategies
  • Apply evidence-informed strategies in community nursing practice
  • Explain the community health nurse role in collaborative settings
  • Recognize the role of community health nursing in emergency preparedness

Course Schedule

  • Found in the syllabus (starts on page 3)
  • Weekly course topics and corresponding readings
  • Weekly topics may shift
  • In-person sessions and self-study sections

Evaluative Components

  • 4 Seasons of Reconciliation Module
  • HESI: Community Health Practice Tests
  • HESI: Comprehensive Exam
  • Midterm Exam
  • Community Health Issue Paper (Due: November 3, 2024 @ 23:59h)
  • Final Exam

Section 1: Introduction

  • Introduce the purpose of the assignment.
  • Outline the topic to be discussed in the paper.
  • Highlight the importance.

Section 2: Examination of the Issue

  • Describe the community health issue.
  • Show evidence of the research of the issue, including relevant epidemiology.
  • Discuss the impact on both the individual and community level health.
  • Connect to the social determinants of health.
  • Propose possible solutions to improve community health.
  • Thoroughly apply the Population Health Promotion Model/Ottawa Charter.
  • Describe the community health nursing role in facilitation.

Section 4: Interprofessional Collaboration

  • Explain the importance of interprofessional collaboration for community nursing.
  • Describe the benefits of interprofessional collaboration.
  • Identify the opportunities for interprofessional collaboration to carry out solutions.
  • Identify the roles of each profession.
  • Utilize the CIHC interprofessional competency framework.
  • Apply at least 2 competencies.

Section 5: Conclusion

  • Summarize the key points of the paper.

Final Exam

  • Date determined by USask Registrar's Office
  • Multiple choice questions
  • Comprehensive exam – entire term content
  • Closed book, 3-hour exam
  • Completion of Work Policy (Page 16)

Weekly Topics

  • Some topics might be challenging.
  • Practice self-care.
  • Access USask supports for need

Learning Objectives

  • Define health promotion, population health, levels of prevention, primary health care (PHC), social determinants of health, and related concepts.
  • Describe the PHC principles.
  • Apply the population health promotion model in community health nursing practice.
  • Identify some challenges of health promotion in an Indigenous context.

Primary Health Care

  • Societal strategies for care delivery
  • Health requires more than just money
  • Values of social justice and equity
  • New approach to healthcare
  • Moving away from a biomedical model
  • Whole-of-society approach
  • Comprehensive approach to health across the continuum of care

PHC Essential Components

  • Education about health problems and prevention.
  • Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition.
  • Quality of food and food insecurity.
  • Water sanitation and supply.
  • Maternal and child healthcare, including family planning.
  • Immunizations against major infectious diseases.
  • Prevention and control of locally and regionally endemic diseases.
  • Treatment of common diseases and injuries.
  • Ensuring appropriate technology is utilized.
  • Provision of essential drugs.

Barriers to health

  • Geography, provider attitudes, stigma.
  • Public participation.
  • Health promotion.
  • Appropriate technology.
  • Inter-sector collaboration.

Social Determinants of Health

  • Social and economic factors impacting individual and population health.
  • Interconnected and synergistic factors.

The River

  • Income is intertwined with social issues
  • Addressing SDOH utilizes an upstream approach
  • Upstream thinking means deciding smarter in advance

Health Promotion

  • Process of enabling people to increase control over and improve health
  • Comprehensive physical, mental, and social well-being
  • Requires ability to identify, realize aspirations, and satisfy needs
  • Adaptability and coping mechanisms

Levels of Prevention

  • Primordial prevention (preventing risk factors)
  • Primary prevention (stopping from becoming a risk)
  • Secondary prevention (early detection and treatment)
  • Tertiary prevention (managing symptoms and conditions/rehabilitation)
  • Quaternary prevention (avoiding over-medicalisation)

Environmental Scan

  • Windshield survey for needs/resources
  • Problem investigation and resource evaluation
  • Assessing strengths and concerns of communities to build on existing assets
  • Community strengths and concerns assessments

Data Collection

  • Quantitative (statistics, surveys)
  • Qualitative (opinions, interviews)
  • Demographic and epidemiological data
  • Data analysis summarized into categories

Community Nursing Diagnosis

  • Target population, specific problem or area of focus, causes, characteristics
  • Categorizations: problem-based, wellness-based

Community Capacity Building

  • Process of enabling community ownership in identifying and strengthening aspects of daily life, culture, and political life
  • Working in partnership to define issues, develop plans and address local challenges

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