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Questions and Answers

What primarily causes motion at joints?

  • Muscle contraction (correct)
  • Bone density
  • Joint lubrication
  • Ligament flexibility
  • How many skeletal muscles does the human body have?

  • Over 800
  • Over 600 (correct)
  • Over 400
  • Over 200
  • Which statement about the origins of skeletal muscles is true?

  • They are always smaller than insertions.
  • They always move.
  • They normally remain stationary. (correct)
  • They attach directly to tendons.
  • What are the non-contractile elements of a muscle responsible for?

    <p>Distributing tension and supporting structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of a motor unit?

    <p>Motor neurone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle explains the recruitment order of motor units?

    <p>Size principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'all or none' law refer to in muscle contraction?

    <p>A motor unit either contracts fully or not at all.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is variability in motor unit sizes important?

    <p>It influences the force generating capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movements is primarily associated with the ankle joint?

    <p>Dorsiflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What muscle is predominantly responsible for ankle plantarflexion?

    <p>Soleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following actions does the subtalar joint NOT perform?

    <p>Lateral rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the tibialis posterior muscle?

    <p>Support foot arches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which movement does the foot move towards the midline of the body?

    <p>Inversion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is NOT responsible for ankle movements?

    <p>Quadriceps femoris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which movement is characterized by the toes moving away from the shin?

    <p>Plantarflexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily impaired if the ankle joint’s dorsiflexion is limited?

    <p>Walking on heels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intrinsic muscles are primarily responsible for extending the toes?

    <p>Extensor digitorum brevis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following muscles is not an intrinsic muscle that flexes the toes?

    <p>Extensor hallucis longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intrinsic muscles are responsible for abducting the toes?

    <p>Dorsal interossei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of the intrinsic muscles that adduct the toes?

    <p>To bring the toes closer to the midline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intrinsic muscle acts as an antagonist to those that flex the toes?

    <p>Extensor digitorum longus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of intrinsic muscles in the foot?

    <p>To produce foot movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following intrinsic muscles is known for adducting the toes?

    <p>Plantar interossei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intrinsic muscles that extend the toes include which of the following?

    <p>Extensor digitorum brevis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is not primarily classified as an intrinsic muscle of the foot?

    <p>Tibialis anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To which group do the intrinsic muscles that help flex the toes belong?

    <p>Flexors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the two heads of gastrocnemius arise?

    <p>Medial and lateral condyles of the femur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What separates each head of gastrocnemius from the knee joint capsule?

    <p>Popliteal bursa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the heads of gastrocnemius as they pass down the leg?

    <p>They taper into a single tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the gastrocnemius ultimately attach?

    <p>Calcaneus via the tendocalcaneus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nerve supply of gastrocnemius?

    <p>Tibial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the actions of the gastrocnemius muscle?

    <p>Plantarflexion of the foot and knee flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main activity during which the calf muscles exert their force on the posterior part of the foot?

    <p>Jumping</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much strain is the tendocalcaneus able to withstand?

    <p>10 times body weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the plantar interossei muscles primarily do?

    <p>Adduct the toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intrinsic muscle is located in the 1st layer of the foot?

    <p>Abductor digiti minimi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the dorsal interossei muscles?

    <p>Abduct the toes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many layers of intrinsic muscles are typically described in the foot?

    <p>4 layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the plantar aponeurosis?

    <p>Support the arches of the foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is known to be located on the dorsum of the foot?

    <p>Extensor digitorum brevis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the arches of the foot when weight is applied?

    <p>They become flatter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is included in the 3rd layer of intrinsic muscles in the foot?

    <p>Adductor hallucis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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