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Questions and Answers
Why is the gravity field maximum at the poles?
Why is the gravity field maximum at the poles?
Which wave type travels the fastest through geological materials?
Which wave type travels the fastest through geological materials?
What characteristic of the surface layer enhances the results obtained from electromagnetic surveys?
What characteristic of the surface layer enhances the results obtained from electromagnetic surveys?
Which combination of electrical resistivity sounding curves is not possible in a 4-layer subsurface model?
Which combination of electrical resistivity sounding curves is not possible in a 4-layer subsurface model?
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Which seismic inversion technique does not require a geological model?
Which seismic inversion technique does not require a geological model?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes the SP anomaly over ore bodies?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the SP anomaly over ore bodies?
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In terms of magnetotelluric methods, what electromagnetic field components are associated with TM mode if the geological strike is along the x-direction?
In terms of magnetotelluric methods, what electromagnetic field components are associated with TM mode if the geological strike is along the x-direction?
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What type of magnetic anomaly results from the application of the reduction-to-pole technique?
What type of magnetic anomaly results from the application of the reduction-to-pole technique?
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Which option describes the quadrants depicted in the focal mechanism solution of an earthquake?
Which option describes the quadrants depicted in the focal mechanism solution of an earthquake?
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The surface wave magnitude of an earthquake is primarily determined by the amplitude of which type of waves?
The surface wave magnitude of an earthquake is primarily determined by the amplitude of which type of waves?
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Which of the following best characterizes the dissipation of gravitational forces in a fluid?
Which of the following best characterizes the dissipation of gravitational forces in a fluid?
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Which air mass is associated with the highest density?
Which air mass is associated with the highest density?
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Which electromagnetic method is most commonly used for detecting and mapping underground resources?
Which electromagnetic method is most commonly used for detecting and mapping underground resources?
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What is the primary factor that affects the strength of the gravitational field on Earth's surface?
What is the primary factor that affects the strength of the gravitational field on Earth's surface?
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In the context of seismic waves, what does the term 'frequency' refer to?
In the context of seismic waves, what does the term 'frequency' refer to?
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Which parameter is most effective in measuring the moisture content in the air?
Which parameter is most effective in measuring the moisture content in the air?
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What does the term 'stratus' imply about cloud formation?
What does the term 'stratus' imply about cloud formation?
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Which of these seismic waves travels the fastest through the Earth's interior?
Which of these seismic waves travels the fastest through the Earth's interior?
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The balance between the Coriolis and Pressure Gradient Force that occurs most significantly aloft is known as?
The balance between the Coriolis and Pressure Gradient Force that occurs most significantly aloft is known as?
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What characteristic of seismic waves allows them to provide information about Earth's internal structure?
What characteristic of seismic waves allows them to provide information about Earth's internal structure?
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In gravity surveying, what is typically measured over an area to infer subsurface density variations?
In gravity surveying, what is typically measured over an area to infer subsurface density variations?
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Which electromagnetic method relies on the conductivity of the subsurface materials?
Which electromagnetic method relies on the conductivity of the subsurface materials?
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What is the dry adiabatic lapse rate in degrees Celsius per kilometer?
What is the dry adiabatic lapse rate in degrees Celsius per kilometer?
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What is the significance of seismic wave 'amplitude' in geophysical studies?
What is the significance of seismic wave 'amplitude' in geophysical studies?
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Study Notes
Crossover Distance and Critical Distance
- Crossover distance (x) is less than critical distance (x)
Geophysical Methods
- Gravity method is a natural source geophysical method
Magnetotelluric Method (MT)
- In a Cartesian coordinate system, if the geological strike of a two-dimensional body is oriented along the x-direction, then the electromagnetic field components associated with TM mode of magnetotelluric method are Ex, Hy and Ez
Gravity Field
- Gravity field is maximum at poles due to excess mass, flattening of the earth, and earth's centrifugal force
Electromagnetic Surveys
- Electromagnetic surveys deliver better results if the top surface layer is more conductive
Electrical Resistivity Sounding Curves
- In a 4-layer subsurface model, the combination of A-, H-, k-and Q-type electrical resistivity sounding curves HQ, KQ, and AK are possible
Seismic Waves
- Surface waves are the slowest seismic waves
Magnetic Anomaly
- Applying the reduction-to-pole technique to a magnetic anomaly results in flattening the anomaly curves and transforming the asymmetry in the anomaly to symmetry
Hematite Magnetism
- Hematite is a ferrimagnetic substance
Latitude Correction in Gravity
- Latitude correction in gravity is maximum at 90° (poles)
SP Anomaly over Ore Bodies
- The SP anomaly over ore bodies can be both positive and negative
Well Logs
- Natural Gamma Log is used for depth matching and well to well correlation while running with other logs
Free Fluid Index (FFI)
- FFI of a formation is estimated from NMR log
Seismic Inversion
- Seismic inversion without a geological model gives relative impedance
Earthquake Focal Mechanism
- The focal mechanism solution of an earthquake depicts quadrants of compression and dilation
Surface Wave Magnitude
- The surface wave magnitude of an earthquake is a function of the amplitude of Rayleigh waves
Atmospheric Transport
- Advection refers to the horizontal transport of air, while convection is the vertical transport of air
Air Mass Density
- Cold and dry air masses are the densest
Wind Direction
- A wind from 300 degrees is a Northwest wind
Stratus Clouds
- The term stratus means horizontally layered
Moisture Parameters
- Dew point is the best moisture parameter to assess the amount of moisture in the air
Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate
- Dry adiabatic lapse rate is equal to 9.8°C/km
Geostrophic Wind
- A balance between the Coriolis and Pressure Gradient Force is termed the geostrophic wind. This balance occurs most significantly aloft in the middle latitudes with a straight flowing wind
Hurricanes
- A hurricane is a warm core low
ITCZ Mean Position
- The ITCZ mean position is North of the Equator because there is more ocean area in the Northern Hemisphere
Geoelectrical Configurations
- Various configurations used in geoelectrical measurements include Wenner, Schlumberger, Dipole-Dipole, and Pole-Dipole configurations
- Geometric factor for Wenner configuration is 2πa
Geomagnetic Corrections
- Diurnal correction compensates for daily variations in the Earth's magnetic field
- Normal correction compensates for the Earth's main magnetic field
Seismic Velocities
- Various velocities used in seismic prospecting include interval velocity, average velocity, RMS velocity, and stacking velocity
- Stacking velocity is used for stacking of data, as it helps to align reflections from the same reflector at different offsets
Magnetotelluric Field
- The origin of MT field is due to natural electromagnetic sources
- Below 1Hz, MT field mainly originates from ionospheric currents and the upper atmosphere
- Above 1Hz, MT field originates from lightning discharges and other natural electromagnetic sources
- Cagniard expression of apparent resistivity in MT field is: ρa = (1/π) |Z|^2 /f
Booklungs
- Booklungs are found in Arachnids
Silk Production
- Silk is obtained from the cocoon of a caterpillar
Neurogenic Heart
- Neurogenic heart is found in invertebrates
Epiphysis
- Epiphysis is also known as pineal gland
Amino Acid Structure
- Glycine is the simplest and smallest form of amino acid
PCOS
- PCOS is related to the ovary
Seminogelin
- Seminogelin is secreted by seminal vesicle
Frog Cleavage
- The first cleavage in a frog is meridional
Nuclear Receptor
- AR (Androgen Receptor) is a nuclear receptor
Cryptorchidism
- Cryptorchidism is related to the testes
Weather and Climate
- Altitude is NOT an element of weather and climate
Hurricane Origin
- Trade winds are the place of origin for hurricanes
Albedo
- Fresh snow has the highest albedo
Hurricane Status
- Wind speed determines when a tropical depression or storm is given hurricane status
Stratosphere Lapse Rate
- In the stratosphere, the lapse rate is negative due to the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the ozone layer
Research Entrance Test Notes
- There are 50 questions in the test
- There are 40 Multiple Choice Questions and 10 Short Answer Questions
- Each MCQ carries 3 marks
- 1 mark will be deducted for each incorrect answer
- 0 marks will be given for each unattempted question
- The test duration is 2 hours
MCQ Answers
- Booklungs are found in Arachnids
- Silk is obtained from Cocoon
- Neurogenic heart is found in Invertebrates
- Epiphysis is also known as Pineal
- Simplest and smallest form of amino acid is Glycine
- PCOS is related to Ovary
- Seminogelin is secreted by Seminal Vesicle
- First cleavage in frog is Meridional
- AR is a nuclear receptor
- Cryptorchidism is related to Testes
- Altitude is NOT an element of weather and climate
- Trade winds are the place of origin for hurricanes
- Fresh snow has the highest albedo
- Wind speed determines when a tropical depression or storm is given hurricane status
- In stratosphere ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by the ozone layer so lapse rate is negative
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