WLD1010 Introduction to Wildlife
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Questions and Answers

How do resource shortages affect population growth rates?

Resource shortages lead to slower population growth through decreased birth rates and increased death rates.

What occurs to predator and prey populations when there is a food shortage?

A food shortage causes predator populations to decline due to starvation, allowing prey populations to increase.

Explain how overcrowding can lead to disease outbreaks in animal populations.

Overcrowding increases competition for resources and allows diseases to spread rapidly among closely packed animals.

What is the relationship between human activity and the natural habitats in Alberta?

<p>Human activity, particularly exploitation and agricultural development, has severely reduced Alberta's natural habitats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the impact of disease on population dynamics.

<p>Diseases can rapidly decrease population numbers or lower birth rates, severely impacting future population growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of firearms on human and nature interactions in Alberta?

<p>The introduction of firearms has intensified human exploitation of land, disrupting the balance between man and nature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the population of predators and prey illustrate the concept of population control?

<p>The fluctuation of predator and prey populations demonstrates a natural cycle of population control dictated by food availability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways can overcrowding be detrimental beyond competition for resources?

<p>Overcrowding can lead to the spread of diseases and social stress, further exacerbating a population's decline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a symbiotic relationship and provide an example?

<p>A symbiotic relationship is one where two species live together to their mutual benefit. An example is lichens, which consist of fungi and algae working together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does commensalism differ from symbiosis?

<p>Commensalism benefits one species without affecting the other, while symbiosis benefits both species. An example of commensalism is epiphytic plants growing on trees without harming them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes parasitism in ecological interactions?

<p>Parasitism is characterized by a parasite living on or within a larger host, negatively affecting it. An example is a leech that feeds on the blood of mammals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways can symbiotic relationships provide benefits to the species involved?

<p>Symbiotic relationships can provide protection, food sources, and habitats for the species involved. This ensures survival and increases opportunities for both species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are parasites considered a type of predation?

<p>Parasites are considered a type of predation because they depend on other living organisms for survival by consuming their resources. However, they often do so without directly killing their hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how individuals within a species and between different species interact in an ecosystem.

<p>Individuals within a species interact through behaviors such as feeding and mating, while different species interact in food webs where they may prey on one another. This interconnectedness is vital for ecological dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of epiphytic plants in their ecosystem?

<p>Epiphytic plants grow on other plants, using them for support without extracting nutrients. They contribute to biodiversity and can even foster greater diversity in their environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can parasites ever have a neutral or beneficial effect on their hosts? Provide an example.

<p>Yes, some parasites can take what they need without significantly harming the host, which can occur in cases of certain symbiotic relationships. An example would be certain gut bacteria that aid digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as 'privately owned land' under the regulations?

<p>Privately owned land includes land held under a certificate of title by a person other than the Crown, land under an agreement for sale where the Crown is the seller, and land held under prescribed leases or dispositions from the Crown.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of 'open season' in this context?

<p>'Open season' refers to a designated time period established under section 23.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of documents or information are included in the definition of 'record'?

<p>'Record' includes accounts, books, statements, reports, documents, and the results of electronic data processing systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who qualifies as a 'resident' according to this Act?

<p>A resident is a person with their primary residence in Alberta who is either a Canadian citizen, a permanent resident, or has lived in Canada for the past 12 months.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a 'permit' as described in this manual?

<p>A permit is an authorization issued under section 13(1) that allows for activities other than hunting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'tag' signify in this context?

<p>A 'tag' refers to a tag issued under section 14, which can either mean the physical tag or the act of affixing the tag as stated in section 37.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'trap' as mentioned in this manual.

<p>'Trap' is defined as a device designed to capture, injure, or kill animals, and also refers to the act of using such a device.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role has modern technology played in agriculture according to the passage?

<p>Modern technology has enabled agriculture to feed millions of people on land that could only support a few in its natural state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes 'traffic' or 'traffic in' according to the definitions provided?

<p>'Traffic' means to sell, buy, barter, trade, or solicit any animal or products related to them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'prescribed' imply in the context of regulatory definitions?

<p>'Prescribed' refers to what is established or provided for by regulations made by the Lieutenant Governor in Council or the Minister.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some natural causes that lead to the death of animals according to the text?

<p>Natural causes include limited food supply, harsh weather, disease, and predation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consequences could arise if man stops controlling animal populations?

<p>Without control, populations like rats could surge and spread disease, increasing health risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the term 'subject animal' as used in this manual.

<p>'Subject animal' encompasses wildlife animals, controlled animals, or any animal designated as such by regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the passage describe the impact of unchecked moose populations?

<p>Unchecked moose can destroy their own habitat and lead to starvation due to malnutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is suggested as a necessary approach to conservation in the passage?

<p>The passage suggests that common sense dictates a return to conservation methods, including hunting to control animal numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the passage, what might happen if wolves in Alaska and Canada are left to regulate game naturally?

<p>It could lead to food shortages for native populations like the Indians and Eskimos.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What ethical considerations are raised in the passage concerning human consumption of animals?

<p>The text questions the morality of taking animal life for human consumption and the impact on nature's balance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the passage view the cycle of nature and its implications for animal life?

<p>The passage suggests that while nature's cycle is natural, it can be cruel and lead to suffering among animal populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'big game' in the context of wildlife management?

<p>'Big game' refers to animals of a kind prescribed as such by wildlife regulations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Alberta's Wildlife Act define an 'endangered species'?

<p>An 'endangered species' means a kind of endangered animal, invertebrate, plant, alga, fungus, or fish as prescribed by law.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an 'appointed officer' according to the Wildlife Act?

<p>An 'appointed officer' is a wildlife officer employed by the Crown and subject to the Public Service Act.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define 'controlled animal' as stated in Alberta’s Wildlife Act.

<p>A 'controlled animal' is defined as an animal of a kind prescribed as such by regulatory authorities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'fur-bearing animal' encompass within the Wildlife Act?

<p>'Fur-bearing animal' refers to any animal of a kind that is prescribed as such by wildlife regulations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Can you explain the action defined by 'hunt' in the context of wildlife management?

<p>'Hunt' encompasses actions such as shooting at, chasing, capturing, or attempting to kill a subject animal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a 'game bird' under Alberta’s Wildlife Act?

<p>A 'game bird' refers to either an upland game bird or a migratory game bird as defined by wildlife regulations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a 'license' defined in the context of the Wildlife Act?

<p>A 'license' is a valid and subsisting document authorizing hunting, including any tags or components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What measures were taken to ensure the conservation of elephants and rhinos?

<p>Hunting of elephants and rhinos was limited, prohibiting the hunting of infant and adolescent elephants, as well as adult females with calves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which species were considered 'harmless' and thus fully protected under wildlife management?

<p>Species such as gorillas, chimpanzees, pygmy hippopotamuses, white-bearded wildebeests, giraffes, and mountain zebras were considered harmless and fully protected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a 'non-game animal' from other classifications in wildlife management?

<p>A 'non-game animal' is defined as an animal of a kind that is not typically hunted or pursued for sport.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the definition of vermin impact the management of certain African wildlife species?

<p>Species like lions, leopards, hyenas, and wild dogs were defined as vermin, allowing for unrestricted hunting to protect domestic animals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criteria establish an animal as 'endangered' within the Wildlife Act?

<p>An 'endangered animal' is prescribed as such based on its population status and risk of extinction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What influenced the introduction of national parks in Africa during the 1920s?

<p>National parks were introduced in Africa largely based on models from the United States, which prioritized wildlife conservation over scenic preservation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a central tenet of wildlife management during the colonial period in Africa?

<p>A central tenet was to contain animals in a 'wild' but bordered setting to protect both wildlife and human interests.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were some consequences of establishing national parks for indigenous communities?

<p>The creation of national parks often resulted in the eviction of farming communities and nomadic herders from their ancestral lands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did the British colonial government impact the Maasai people during the establishment of national parks?

<p>The British colonial government evicted the Maasai people from Serengeti National Park during the 1950s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What challenges arose in enforcing the prohibitions within national parks?

<p>The prohibitions against activities such as timber cutting, gathering wild foods, and grazing proved difficult to enforce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Symbiotic Relationship

A relationship between two species that benefits both.

Lichens Example

A symbiotic relationship between fungus and algae.

Commensalism

A relationship where one species benefits, and the other is neither harmed nor helped.

Epiphytic Plants

Plants that grow on trees, using them for support, not harming the tree.

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Parasitism

A relationship where one species benefits (parasite) and the other (host) is harmed.

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Parasite Example

Leech sucking blood from mammals.

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Ecosystem Interactions

Species interacting with each other within a food web.

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Species Interactions

Individuals from separate species interact in ways like feeding, mating, competition.

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Population growth limitations

Population growth is limited by dwindling resources, leading to decreased birth rates, increased death rates, or both.

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Predator-prey cycle

Predator and prey populations fluctuate in a cyclical manner based on resource availability – fewer prey lead to fewer predators, allowing prey to recover, leading to more prey which enables predators to increase again, and creating resource scarcity once more.

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Overcrowding's impact

Overcrowding increases competition for resources and causes disease spread.

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Disease's role in populations

Disease spread easily in densely populated areas, potentially causing rapid population decline or decreased birthrates.

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Resource scarcity

Limited resources force organisms to compete and potentially limit population growth.

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Human impact on the environment

Human activity (e.g., agriculture, development) diminishes natural habitat.

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Habitat Loss

Conversion of natural lands to human use diminishes the natural habitat for other organisms.

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Balance between man and nature

Human activities have altered the natural balance, often at nature's expense.

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Human Impact on Nature

Humans have significantly altered natural ecosystems, both positively and negatively, through agriculture, technology, and resource management.

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Balance of Nature

The natural cycle of life and death in an ecosystem, often characterized by fluctuations in population sizes due to factors like food availability, weather, and disease.

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Human Control of Nature

The deliberate intervention of humans in natural processes to manage populations, resources, and ecosystems, often with the goal of mitigating negative impacts and ensuring sustainability.

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The Consequences of No Control

The potential negative impacts of not managing natural populations and resources, leading to imbalances and potential harm to ecosystems and human well-being.

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Conservation

A philosophy and set of practices focused on managing and protecting natural resources to ensure their sustainability for future generations.

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Hunting as Management

A tool used within conservation to control population sizes of specific species, often used to maintain healthy ecosystems and prevent overgrazing or other negative impacts.

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Moose as Habitat Destroyers

Moose populations, if unchecked, can overgraze and destroy their own habitat, leading to reduced forage availability and increased vulnerability to harsh conditions.

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Elk and Deer Impact on Crops

Uncontrolled populations of elk and deer can damage crops, potentially contributing to food insecurity and limiting resources for humans.

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Trophy Hunting

The practice of hunting animals for their body parts, primarily for display as trophies, often driven by wealth and status.

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Wildlife Conservation

Efforts to protect and manage wild animal populations and their habitats to ensure their long-term survival.

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National Parks

Designated areas of protected land, often preserved for their scenic beauty and wildlife, managed for conservation and tourism.

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Wildlife Management

The practice of controlling and regulating wildlife populations to ensure their health and balance with the environment.

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Human-wildlife Conflict

Tensions between humans and wild animals, often due to competition for resources, habitat, or safety.

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Indigenous Displacements

The forced removal of indigenous people from their ancestral lands, often related to the creation of national parks and protected areas.

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Park Regulations

Rules and restrictions enforced within national parks to protect wildlife and habitats, including limitations on hunting, logging, and other activities.

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Enforcement Challenges

Difficulties in fully enforcing park regulations due to factors like human needs, resource limitations, or illegal activities.

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Wildlife Act

A law in Alberta governing wildlife management, including hunting, trapping, and conservation.

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Animal in the Act

Defined as a vertebrate, excluding humans and fish, according to Alberta's Wildlife Act.

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Wildlife Officer

A person appointed by the Crown in Alberta to enforce the Wildlife Act.

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Authorization

A document issued under section 22.1(1) of the Wildlife Act.

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Big Game

Animals designated as big game under the Wildlife Act.

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Controlled Animal

Animals listed as controlled under the Wildlife Act.

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Endangered Animal

Animal species at risk of extinction in Alberta.

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Hunting

A broad definition in the Wildlife Act covering activities that could harm wildlife.

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Licence

A valid permit allowing hunting under the Wildlife Act.

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Migratory Game Bird

Bird species that migrate and are hunted.

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What does "prescribed" mean?

"Prescribed" means something is set by rules or regulations, either by the Lieutenant Governor in Council or the Minister depending on the context.

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What are "permit premises"?

Permit premises are the specific places where activities needing a permit are carried out.

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What is a "subject animal"?

A subject animal is any wildlife animal, controlled animal, or other animal specifically defined as such by regulations.

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What is "traffic in" wildlife?

Traffic in wildlife includes buying, selling, trading, or offering to do so, and even advertising or displaying with the intention of selling.

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What is a "record" in this Act?

A record includes any information, whether written, electronic, or other forms, and even the details of how computer systems and programs operate.

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What is considered "privately owned land"?

Privately owned land includes land held under a certificate of title by someone other than the Crown, land under a sales agreement with the Crown, and land leased or disposed of by the Crown that is specifically designated as privately owned.

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What does "resident" mean in this Act?

A "resident" is someone who lives in Alberta as their primary home and meets certain citizenship or residency requirements, or is on full-time service with the Canadian Armed Forces and eligible to vote in Alberta.

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What is the difference between a "trap" as a noun and a verb?

A "trap" as a noun means a device for capturing animals. As a verb, it means capturing or attempting to capture animals with a trap.

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What is an "upland game bird"?

An upland game bird is a bird of a species that is specifically defined as such by regulations.

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What is a "weapon" in this Act?

A "weapon" includes firearms and any device that can launch a projectile using various methods, including explosions, springs, or air.

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Study Notes

WLD1010 Introduction to Wildlife

  • This module develops student attitudes, skills, and knowledge related to wildlife and ecosystems. It provides understanding for wildlife management.
  • The manual includes the majority of the information needed, references, and video clips.
  • Worksheets help students understand the material, and practical assignments further develop understanding.
  • Students work independently, with options for group work.
  • Checkpoints allow instructors to assess understanding and provide support.

Surfin' the Food Web

  • A successful ecosystem depends on energy exchange between organisms.
  • Trophic levels group organisms based on feeding.
  • Four basic trophic levels exist (producers, herbivores, carnivores, and detritivores).
  • Food webs show the energy exchange between levels.
  • Grazing webs and detritus webs are two main food web types.

The Decomposition Process

  • Detritus food webs break down dead organisms.
  • This process transforms organic material into inorganic material.
  • Smaller organisms (detritivores/decomposers), like algae, worms, beetles and bacteria, are involved.

Grazing Food Webs

  • Grazing webs show energy exchange between plants and animals.
  • Plants are primary producers (photosynthesis).
  • Herbivores are primary consumers (eat plants).
  • Carnivores are secondary consumers (eat herbivores).
  • Tertiary consumers eat the secondary consumers.

Biomass and Ecological Pyramids

  • Biomass is the combined weight of all plants and animals.
  • Biomass is usually highest at the bottom of the food web (producers).
  • Biomass decreases up the food web (herbivores, carnivores).
  • Ecological pyramids show the distribution of biomass.

The Importance of All Creatures

  • Every living thing has a special place in its ecosystem.
  • Ecosystem services are the benefits living things provide to each other.
  • Examples of ecosystem services include pollination, decomposition, and regulation of population.
  • Delicate balance exists in ecosystems. Loss of a species can affect others.

Species Relationships

  • Landscape, climate, and species interact to form ecosystems.
  • Symbiosis: Mutual benefit for both species (example: lichens).
  • Commensalism: One species benefits, the other isn't harmed (e.g., epiphytes on trees)
  • Parasitism: One species benefits, the other is harmed (example: leeches)

What is an Ecosystem?

  • Ecosystems are interconnected systems of living and non-living things.
  • All living beings form and are a part of ecosystems.
  • Ecosystems are diverse and constantly changing.

Changing Ecosystems

  • Natural changes in climate affect ecosystems.
  • Human activities (logging, agriculture) can influence ecosystems.
  • Global changes (e.g., climate change) can directly and indirectly impact ecosystems.
  • Ecosystems change naturally over time.
  • Population regulation helps maintain balance between plants and animals.
  • Factors like births, deaths, immigration and emigration influence a species' population.
  • Competition for resources influences population growth.

Wildlife Management in Africa

  • Early conservation efforts focused on preserving valuable species.
  • National parks were created to protect wildlife.
  • Local communities have often been impacted by conservation efforts.
  • Contemporary efforts balance conservation with human needs.
  • Strategies address issues like poaching, habitat loss, and population imbalances.

Wildlife Management

  • Modern wildlife management balances various factors.
  • Efforts address the impact on human populations.
  • Conservation is crucial for preserving biodiversity.
  • Management techniques include hunting, habitat protection, and population control.

Interpretation (Alberta's Wildlife Act)

  • Defines key terms used in the Alberta Wildlife Act (e.g., "animal," "wildlife," "hunt").

Occupational Connection Worksheet

  • Students connect wildlife work with specific occupations.

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Related Documents

WLD1010 Student Manual PDF

Description

This quiz focuses on the foundational concepts of wildlife management, ecosystems, and energy exchange within natural environments. It explores key topics such as trophic levels, food webs, and the decomposition process, enhancing students' understanding and attitudes towards wildlife conservation. Engage with worksheets and practical assignments to deepen your knowledge.

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