WLAN and OSPF Concepts Quiz
67 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of OSPF messages?

  • To establish physical layer connections.
  • To encrypt routing information.
  • To create and maintain routing tables. (correct)
  • To perform error correction in data transmission.

    • Which algorithm does OSPF primarily use to build the topology table?

  • Dijkstra SPF algorithm. (correct)
  • Bellman-Ford algorithm.
  • Flooding algorithm.
  • A* algorithm.

    • In single-area OSPF, what is the preferred area number to use according to best practices?

  • Area 2.
  • Area 1.
  • Area 0. (correct)
  • Area 255.

    • Which OSPF packet is used to establish neighbor adjacencies?

    <p>Hello packet.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the routing cost in OSPF?

    <p>The cumulative cost to reach a destination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of multi-area OSPF?

    <p>It allows hierarchical routing to divide large networks into smaller areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When OSPF routers execute their link-state routing process, what is the first step they take?

    <p>Establish Neighbor Adjacencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In OSPFv3, which term is used to refer to the network address for IPv6?

    <p>Prefix.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended approach when troubleshooting a WLAN?

    <p>Implementing a process of elimination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can help optimize the bandwidth of 802.11 dual-band routers?

    <p>Upgrading wireless clients or splitting traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to periodically check for firmware updates on routers and APs?

    <p>It may fix common problems and security vulnerabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes OSPF?

    <p>A link-state routing protocol using areas for scalability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What components are included in the link-state information exchanged by OSPF?

    <p>Network prefix, prefix length, and cost</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose do routing protocol messages serve in OSPF?

    <p>Exchange routing information and build data structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which OSPF packet type is primarily used to initiate neighbor relationships?

    <p>Hello packet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is NOT true about OSPF?

    <p>OSPF only uses one type of packet for routing information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the BDR if the DR fails?

    <p>The BDR is automatically promoted to DR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum priority value that can be set for OSPF interface priority?

    <p>255</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs if the interface priority is set to 0?

    <p>The interface cannot be elected as DR or BDR.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is OSPF cost calculated?

    <p>Cost = reference bandwidth / interface bandwidth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to set the priority of an OSPF interface?

    <p>ip ospf priority value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What default time does Cisco use for the Dead interval on multiaccess networks?

    <p>40 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command can be used to manually modify the OSPF cost value reported by the local OSPF router?

    <p>ip ospf cost value</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the Dead interval expires before receiving a Hello packet?

    <p>The OSPF neighbor is removed from the LSDB.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)?

    <p>Create a loop-free topology in Layer 2 networks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is used by switches in STP to share information about their connections?

    <p>BPDUs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of not using STP in a network with redundant paths?

    <p>Creation of broadcast storms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the internal root path cost in STP?

    <p>The individual port costs along the path</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA)?

    <p>Electing the root bridge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following issues can a Layer 2 loop cause in a network?

    <p>MAC address table instability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the process of STP, what happens during the election of alternate ports?

    <p>These ports are placed in a blocking state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from bridges exchanging BPDUs during STP operations?

    <p>Electing optimal path configurations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What troubleshooting method begins with verifying the physical layer for connectivity issues?

    <p>Bottom-up troubleshooting approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer's problems could be caused by misconfigured NAT or ACLs?

    <p>Transport layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of troubleshooting approach involves checking for correct addressing and default gateway configurations?

    <p>Bottom-up troubleshooting approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tools is commonly utilized to analyze network performance issues?

    <p>Protocol analyzer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could result in unreachable or unusable resources during network operations?

    <p>Application layer problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does BPDU guard take when it receives a BPDU?

    <p>It puts the port in an error-disabled state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the primary purpose of Layer 3 routing in network design?

    <p>To allow for redundant paths without blocking ports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do RSTP and MSTP enhance in the Spanning Tree Protocol?

    <p>Redundancy and complexity management.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a term associated with Spanning Tree Protocol?

    <p>Routing Domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Root Bridge in Spanning Tree Protocol?

    <p>To serve as the reference point for all path calculations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a switch typically indicate it is in an error-disabled state due to BPDU guard?

    <p>By ceasing to forward all traffic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'per-VLAN Spanning Tree' refer to?

    <p>A configuration supporting multiple VLAN instances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of PortFast in STP networks?

    <p>To change the switch port state immediately to forwarding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Hello timer' signify in STP?

    <p>The time interval for sending BPDUs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Designated Port play in the Spanning Tree Protocol?

    <p>It is the only port used for traffic to enter a segment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which OSPF packet type is responsible for determining neighboring routers?

    <p>Hello</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of electing a DR in a multiaccess network?

    <p>To collect and distribute LSAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when a router receives a Hello packet from an unknown router ID?

    <p>The router attempts to establish an adjacency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about flooding LSAs in a multiaccess network is true?

    <p>It causes chaotic network traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sequence of states OSPF routers pass through during convergence?

    <p>Down, Init, Two-Way, ExStart, Exchange, Loading, Full</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenarios does the election of a BDR become critical?

    <p>The DR fails</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which OSPF state indicates that routers have exchanged their hello packets and discovered each other?

    <p>Two-Way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does an increase in routers have on LSA exchanges?

    <p>Increases the number of LSAs exchanged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur if every router floods all received LSAs to each other in a multiaccess network?

    <p>Network traffic chaos</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the ExStart state in OSPF?

    <p>Routers choose a master and a slave for LSA exchange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command enables Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) on a device?

    <p>cdp enable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following commands displays detailed information about CDP neighbors?

    <p>show cdp neighbors detail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the command 'ntp server ip-address' configure?

    <p>Configures the network time protocol server address</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol is primarily used for managing devices on a network?

    <p>Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What command provides information about the current time settings on a Cisco device?

    <p>show clock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to enable Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP)?

    <p>lldp enable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Management Information Base (MIB) in SNMP?

    <p>To organize and manage device data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the command 'show ntp associations' display?

    <p>Details of NTP synchronization status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command is used to check the status of NTP on a Cisco device?

    <p>show ntp status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which command displays the LLDP neighbor devices?

    <p>show lldp neighbors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    WLAN Configuration Terms and Commands

    • Network Address Translation (NAT) is a method to translate private IP addresses to public IP addresses.
    • Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is a network topology that uses multiple wireless devices to create a self-healing, resilient network.
    • Port Forwarding allows specific ports on a router to be forwarded to a specific device on the network.
    • Port Triggering allows a router to open specific ports based on incoming traffic.

    OSPF Concepts

    • OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) is a link-state routing protocol used as an alternative to RIP (Routing Information Protocol).
    • OSPF utilizes areas for scalability and utilizes link-state information including network prefix, prefix length and cost.
    • OSPF uses five types of packets: Hello, Database Description, Link-State Request, Link-State Update, and Link-State Acknowledgment.
    • OSPF uses three databases: the adjacency database, the link-state database (LSDB) and the forwarding database.
    • OSPF uses the SPF (Shortest Path First) algorithm to calculate the best path to a destination. Cost is used to determine the best path.

    OSPF Routing Process

    • OSPF routers complete a generic link-state routing process to reach a state of convergence.
    • Steps - Establish Neighbor Adjacencies, Exchange Link-State Advertisements, Build the Link State Database, Execute the SPF Algorithm, Choose the Best Route
    • Single-area OSPF uses a single area (best practice to use area 0) and is useful in smaller networks.
    • Multi-area OSPF divides one large routing domain into smaller areas, supporting hierarchical routing.

    OSPFv3

    • OSPFv3 is equivalent to OSPFv2 but for IPv6 prefixes.
    • OSPF uses LSPs for establishing and maintaining neighbor adjacencies and exchanging routing updates.
    • Types: Hello, DBD, LSR, LSU, and LSAck

    OSPF Hello Packets

    • Hello packets are used to discover neighbors, establish neighbor adjacencies and advertise parameters that routers must agree to become neighbors.
    • Hello packets are used to elect the Designated Router (DR) and Backup Designated Router (BDR) on multiaccess networks.

    OSPF DR and BDR

    • Point-to-Point links do not require a DR or BDR.
    • The router with the second highest router ID is the BDR.
    • The interface priority can be configured with a value between 0-255.
    • A priority of 0 prevents the interface from being elected as a DR or BDR.
    • The default priority of multiaccess broadcast interfaces is 1.
    • Election is not pre-emptive. If the DR fails, the BDR is automatically promoted to DR.
    • The command ip ospf priority value can be used to set the priority of an interface.

    OSPF Cost

    • OSPF uses cost as a metric. A lower cost indicates a better path.
    • The formula for calculating the cost is Cost = reference bandwidth / interface bandwidth.
    • FastEthernet, Gigabit Ethernet, and 10 GigE interfaces share the same cost.
    • The command auto-cost reference-bandwidth can be used to adjust the reference bandwidth.
    • The command ip ospf cost value can be used to manually set the cost value.
    • The cost of an OSPF route is determined by the cumulative value from one router to the destination network.

    OSPF Dead Interval

    • The Dead interval expires if routers do not receive a Hello packet.
    • If the Dead interval expires, OSPF removes that neighbor from its LSDB and floods the LSDB with information about the down neighbor.
    • The default Dead interval is 4 times the Hello interval (40 seconds) on multiaccess and point-to-point networks.
    • The command show ip ospf interface can be used to verify the OSPFv2 interface intervals.
    • The commands ip ospf hello-interval and ip ospf dead-interval can be used to modify hello and dead intervals.

    WLAN Troubleshooting

    • There are six steps to the troubleshooting process.
    • A process of elimination is recommended.
    • Common problems include no connectivity and poorly performing wireless connections when the PC is operational.
    • To optimize and increase the bandwidth of dual-band routers and APs, either upgrade the wireless clients or split the traffic.
    • Most wireless routers and APs offer upgradable firmware.
    • Check for updated firmware periodically to fix common problems or security vulnerabilities.

    Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

    • Switches in a network can create loops due to redundant paths.
    • Layer 2 loops can result in instability, high CPU utilization, and network failure.
    • Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is a standard that prevents loops.
    • STP builds a loop-free topology in four steps:
      • Elects the root bridge - the bridge with the lowest Bridge ID (BID).
      • Elects the root ports - ports that have the lowest path to the root bridge.
      • Elects designated ports - the ports that send data to other network segments.
      • Elects alternate (blocked) ports - ports that are disabled to prevent loops.
    • STP uses Bridge Protocol Data Units (BPDUs) to communicate between switches.
    • BPDU contains critical information for the STA algorithm.
    • Cisco Switches have a BPDU guard feature that immediately puts a port in an errordisabled state when it receives a BPDU, to protect against potential loops.
    • STP has evolved with enhancements like Rapid STP (RSTP) and Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) to adapt to more complex modern networks.

    OSPF Concepts

    • Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a routing protocol that uses link-state routing, meaning that routers share a complete picture of the network to calculate routes.
    • OSPF routers exchange link-state advertisements (LSAs) to build a database of the network topology.
    • OSPF uses Hello packets for neighbor discovery and maintenance.
    • Hello packets contain information like the router ID, area ID, and network mask to establish communication with other OSPF routers.
    • The Hello packet is sent to the multicast address 224.0.0.5.
    • The OSPF state machine includes: Down, Init, Two-way, ExStart, Exchange, Loading, and Full state.
    • Multiaccess networks can pose challenges for OSPF due to potentially numerous adjacencies and LSA flooding.
    • To handle this, OSPF elects a Designated Router (DR) and a Backup Designated Router (BDR).
    • DR and BDR are elected based on their priority (lower priority = higher priority in election).
    • The DR collects and distributes LSAs to all routers on the multiaccess network, reducing the network traffic and complexity.

    Network Management Concepts

    • Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) and Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) are used for network device discovery, advertising capabilities and configuration information.
    • Network Time Protocol (NTP) synchronizes the time of network devices.
    • Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is used for managing network devices.
    • SNMP Manager is used to control and monitor SNMP Agents.
    • SNMP Agent resides on network devices, providing information about their functions and status.
    • Management Information Base (MIB) is a database containing information about network devices that SNMP uses to retrieve critical data.

    Network Troubleshooting Concepts

    • Troubleshooting network issues involves a methodical approach to diagnose problems and find solutions.
    • A bottom-up troubleshooting method starts by checking the physical layer and progressing to the application layer.
    • Network topology diagrams, documentation, and monitoring tools such as network management systems (NMS), protocol analyzers, cable testers, and Cisco Prime NAM can greatly help in network troubleshooting.
    • A seven-step troubleshooting process includes:
      • Identify the problem
      • Establish a theory of probable cause
      • Test the theory
      • Establish a plan of action
      • Implement the solution
      • Verify the solution
      • Document the findings
    • Various troubleshooting approaches include:
      • Divide and conquer
      • Follow-the-path
      • Substitution
      • Comparison
      • Educated guess

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    2024s2 Cisco ITICT104A Internetworking 2 Week 12 Exam Review PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on key WLAN configuration terms and OSPF protocol concepts. This quiz covers essential topics such as Network Address Translation, Wireless Mesh Networks, and various OSPF packet types. Perfect for networking students and professionals looking to refresh their understanding.

    More Like This

    Remote Site WLAN Configuration Quiz
    43 questions

    Remote Site WLAN Configuration Quiz

    TopnotchPhosphorus avatar
    TopnotchPhosphorus
    Remote Site WLAN Configuration Quiz
    43 questions

    Remote Site WLAN Configuration Quiz

    TopnotchPhosphorus avatar
    TopnotchPhosphorus
    WLAN und Netzwerktechnologien Quiz
    40 questions

    WLAN und Netzwerktechnologien Quiz

    GainfulJubilation3535 avatar
    GainfulJubilation3535
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser