Ch 22 pg 559-562

Once the possibility of collapse is recognized the IC must make sure it’s done well enough in advance to allow for a ___, ____ withdrawal from the structure, as opposed to a helter-skelter rush.

The ___ ____ is the usual means of initiating the withdrawal. After issuing the order to evacuate, the IC should contact each ___ individually and confirm that they have received the order. If a unit fails to acknowledge they must be sought out and advised

One method of emergency evacuation is to instruct all ____ on the fireground to turn on all ____ warning devices—-sirens, __ ___ electronic ___ for a full ____ or until ordered by the IC

The size of the collapse zone must be at least equal to __ times the height of the ____ wall, for its ___ length.

The collapse zone must include areas ___ buildings ____ to the dangerous wall, because a falling masonry wall will easily smash right through a ___ roof. Many types of walls will ___ at the base and fall outward in a single, massive piece

Masonry walls weigh approximately __ -__ lb per cu ft.

Members on aerial devices must avoid positioning themselves any closer to the building ____ than they are ____ from the top of the building to the ____ part of their device

Collapses initiated by an ____ and ____ truss roofs in which the ___ ___ span from the __ trusses down and out to a bearing wall need bigger collapse zones.

When roofs from bowstrings trusses collapse there can be a fireball __ to __ ft high

There are ___ generally recognized types of collapses. 1 __ shape 2 __ frame 3 ___ lean to 4 ____ lean to 5 ____

__ shaped collapses usually occur in class _ or _ buildings having wooden floor joist when these joist are either ____, have a ___ support removed or are burned away under load. The outer edges of the joist remain supported at the exterior walls while the ____portion collapses

V shaped collapses produces ___ voids on the ___ of the debris, both of which must be searched. Victims on the collapsing floor, not in the vicinity of the collapse will be thrown toward the ____ along with all the loose debris

A frame collapses are almost the opposite of V shaped collapses. They are fairly common in ____, since the ____ rise tends to push out exterior walls, while it is nearly _____ within the structure

In A frame collapses the void areas are close to the remaining ___ obstruction, usually a ____ ___ or ____ line. Those along the ____ edges will have a lower chance of survival than those near the center

The supported lean- to collapse results from the failure of the support at one end of a ___ or ___. The falling ends come to rest on the ___ or ___ below, creating a sloping floor or roof that is supported at each end. People that were on the falling floor may survive if heavy ___ don’t crush them

Unsupported lean-to collapses result from similar events that cause supported lean to, but the floor or roof joist end up ____ in ___, held only by their attachment at the reaming standing wall

Unsupported lean-to collapses are extremely dangerous when searching. At times the only safe way to operate under this ____ debris is to __ it down, so it doesn’t fall on rescuers. This should only be done after ___ victims have been removed, voids have been searched and you

The lowest level of pancake collapses must be carefully ____ to see how the entire pile is ____ to determine wether the load is being safely transferred to ground or wether further collapse into ___ is possible

Numerous rescues have been made from pancake collapses in class _ and _ buildings. Survival depends on the presence of strong ____ nearby to create individual voids.

Locating victims of pancake collapses is often somewhat ___ than in other cases, since the floors usually maintain their ____ relationship to each other, and the victims aren’t as likely to be ___ to a side or end as they would if the floor were to incline