Questions and Answers
A Wireless Personal-Area Network (WPAN) operates over a range of ______ to ______ feet.
20, 30
Wireless LAN (WLAN) networks can reach distances of up to about ______ feet.
300
The ______ standard is used for device pairing in Bluetooth technology.
IEEE WPAN
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) supports ______ topology.
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WiMAX is designed to provide broadband connections up to ______ miles.
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The term ______ Broadband refers to technology that carries both voice and data.
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Wireless MAN (WMAN) networks cover large geographic areas such as a ______.
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Zigbee is an example of a ______ technology used in WPANs.
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Global System of Mobile (GSM) is an internationally recognized ______.
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Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is primarily used in the ______.
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Satellite Broadband requires a clear line of ______.
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802.11 WLAN standards define how radio ______ are used for wireless links.
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802.11a operates at a ______ GHz frequency.
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802.11b provides data rates of up to ______ Mb/s.
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802.11g is backward compatible with ______.
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802.11n requires multiple antennas with ______ technology.
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802.11ac supports up to ______ antennas.
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802.11ax is capable of using ______ GHz and 7 GHz frequencies.
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Laptops, tablets, and smartphones include integrated wireless ______ to communicate wirelessly.
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A small, wireless ______ interconnects wireless devices in a home environment.
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Wireless routers serve as an access point to provide ______ access.
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A ______ is used to interconnect wired devices in a home network setup.
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The wireless access point enables wireless clients to discover nearby ______.
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A ______ provides a default gateway to other networks and the Internet.
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If a device does not have an integrated wireless NIC, a USB wireless ______ can be used.
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Vehicles have started to include integrated wireless NICs, enhancing their ______ capabilities.
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Devices use a radio transmitter/receiver in their integrated wireless ______ to communicate.
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Wireless clients use their wireless NIC to ______ nearby access points.
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WPA and WPA2 include two encryption protocols: Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) and ______.
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An Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) ______ server is required for enterprise security mode choice.
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WPA2 is no longer considered secure, hence ______ is recommended when available.
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The UDP port number for RADIUS Authentication is ______.
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The Shared key is used to authenticate the AP with the ______ server.
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Clients then attempt to associate and authenticate with an ______.
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After being authenticated, wireless users have access to network ______.
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APs can be categorized as either autonomous APs or ______ APs.
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Each autonomous AP acts independently of the others and is managed manually by an ______.
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Controller-based APs use ______ Access Point Protocol to communicate with a WLC.
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Types of external antennas include omnidirectional and ______ antennas.
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Omnidirectional antennas provide ______-degree coverage.
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Examples of directional antennas include the Yagi and ______ dish.
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Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) uses multiple antennas to increase ______.
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Lightweight APs are also known as ______ APs.
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Study Notes
Types of Wireless Networks
-
Wireless Personal-Area Network (WPAN):
- Short-range (20-30 ft or 6-9 meters).
- Based on IEEE 802.15 standard at 2.4 GHz.
- Examples include Bluetooth and Zigbee.
-
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN):
- Covers medium-sized networks up to about 300 feet.
- Based on IEEE 802.11 standard, operating at 2.4 or 5.0 GHz.
-
Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN):
- Serves large areas like cities or districts.
- Utilizes specific licensed frequencies.
-
Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN):
- Extensive area for national or global communication.
- Uses specific licensed frequencies.
Wireless Technologies
-
Bluetooth:
- IEEE WPAN standard, connects devices within 300 ft (100 m).
-
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE):
- Supports mesh topology for large-scale networks.
-
WiMAX:
- Alternative broadband technology; IEEE 802.16 standard.
- Operates over distances of up to 30 miles (50 km).
-
Cellular Broadband:
- Carries both voice and data.
- Includes GSM (global standard) and CDMA (US-specific).
-
Satellite Broadband:
- Requires directional satellite dish for connectivity.
- Ideal for rural areas lacking other broadband options.
802.11 Standards
-
802.11:
- Operates at 2.4 GHz; data rates up to 2 Mb/s.
-
802.11a:
- Operates at 5 GHz; data rates up to 54 Mb/s and not interoperable with 802.11b/g.
-
802.11b:
- Operates at 2.4 GHz; data rates up to 11 Mb/s with better range.
-
802.11g:
- Operates at 2.4 GHz; data rates up to 54 Mb/s and backward compatible with 802.11b.
-
802.11n:
- Operates at 2.4 and 5 GHz; data rates between 150 – 600 Mb/s; requires MIMO technology.
-
802.11ac:
- Operates at 5 GHz; data rates from 450 Mb/s to 1.3 Gb/s; supports multiple antennas.
-
802.11ax:
- Supports 2.4 and 5 GHz; provides High-Efficiency Wireless.
WLAN Components
-
Wireless Network Interface Cards (NICs):
- Integrated in devices like laptops and smartphones to enable wireless communication.
- USB wireless adapters can substitute if no integrated NIC is available.
-
Wireless Home Routers:
- Connects wireless devices; functions as access point, switch, and router.
-
Wireless Access Points (APs):
- Clients use wireless NICs to connect to APs after authentication for network access.
-
AP Categories:
- Autonomous APs: Standalone devices, manually configured.
- Controller-based APs (Lightweight APs): Managed by a Lightweight Controller, automatically configured.
-
Wireless Antennas:
- Omnidirectional: 360-degree coverage, ideal for common environments.
- Directional: Focused signal in one direction (e.g., Yagi antenna).
- MIMO: Uses multiple antennas to increase bandwidth.
Secure WLANs
-
Encryption Methods:
- WPA: Uses TKIP for legacy support; encrypts Layer 2 payload.
- WPA2: Uses AES with CCMP for better security.
-
Authentication in Enterprise:
- Uses RADIUS server for Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA).
- Requires RADIUS server IP address and UDP port numbers (1812 for Authentication, 1813 for Accounting).
-
WPA3:
- Recommended due to security vulnerabilities in WPA2.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamentals of Wireless Personal-Area Networks (WPAN) and Wireless LAN (WLAN). This quiz covers essential concepts such as device pairing in Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy topologies, and the characteristics of WiMAX and Broadband technologies. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand these key networking topics!
