Podcast
Questions and Answers
A Wireless Personal-Area Network (WPAN) operates over a range of ______ to ______ feet.
A Wireless Personal-Area Network (WPAN) operates over a range of ______ to ______ feet.
20, 30
Wireless LAN (WLAN) networks can reach distances of up to about ______ feet.
Wireless LAN (WLAN) networks can reach distances of up to about ______ feet.
300
The ______ standard is used for device pairing in Bluetooth technology.
The ______ standard is used for device pairing in Bluetooth technology.
IEEE WPAN
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) supports ______ topology.
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) supports ______ topology.
WiMAX is designed to provide broadband connections up to ______ miles.
WiMAX is designed to provide broadband connections up to ______ miles.
The term ______ Broadband refers to technology that carries both voice and data.
The term ______ Broadband refers to technology that carries both voice and data.
Wireless MAN (WMAN) networks cover large geographic areas such as a ______.
Wireless MAN (WMAN) networks cover large geographic areas such as a ______.
Zigbee is an example of a ______ technology used in WPANs.
Zigbee is an example of a ______ technology used in WPANs.
Global System of Mobile (GSM) is an internationally recognized ______.
Global System of Mobile (GSM) is an internationally recognized ______.
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is primarily used in the ______.
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) is primarily used in the ______.
Satellite Broadband requires a clear line of ______.
Satellite Broadband requires a clear line of ______.
802.11 WLAN standards define how radio ______ are used for wireless links.
802.11 WLAN standards define how radio ______ are used for wireless links.
802.11a operates at a ______ GHz frequency.
802.11a operates at a ______ GHz frequency.
802.11b provides data rates of up to ______ Mb/s.
802.11b provides data rates of up to ______ Mb/s.
802.11g is backward compatible with ______.
802.11g is backward compatible with ______.
802.11n requires multiple antennas with ______ technology.
802.11n requires multiple antennas with ______ technology.
802.11ac supports up to ______ antennas.
802.11ac supports up to ______ antennas.
802.11ax is capable of using ______ GHz and 7 GHz frequencies.
802.11ax is capable of using ______ GHz and 7 GHz frequencies.
Laptops, tablets, and smartphones include integrated wireless ______ to communicate wirelessly.
Laptops, tablets, and smartphones include integrated wireless ______ to communicate wirelessly.
A small, wireless ______ interconnects wireless devices in a home environment.
A small, wireless ______ interconnects wireless devices in a home environment.
Wireless routers serve as an access point to provide ______ access.
Wireless routers serve as an access point to provide ______ access.
A ______ is used to interconnect wired devices in a home network setup.
A ______ is used to interconnect wired devices in a home network setup.
The wireless access point enables wireless clients to discover nearby ______.
The wireless access point enables wireless clients to discover nearby ______.
A ______ provides a default gateway to other networks and the Internet.
A ______ provides a default gateway to other networks and the Internet.
If a device does not have an integrated wireless NIC, a USB wireless ______ can be used.
If a device does not have an integrated wireless NIC, a USB wireless ______ can be used.
Vehicles have started to include integrated wireless NICs, enhancing their ______ capabilities.
Vehicles have started to include integrated wireless NICs, enhancing their ______ capabilities.
Devices use a radio transmitter/receiver in their integrated wireless ______ to communicate.
Devices use a radio transmitter/receiver in their integrated wireless ______ to communicate.
Wireless clients use their wireless NIC to ______ nearby access points.
Wireless clients use their wireless NIC to ______ nearby access points.
WPA and WPA2 include two encryption protocols: Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) and ______.
WPA and WPA2 include two encryption protocols: Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP) and ______.
An Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) ______ server is required for enterprise security mode choice.
An Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA) ______ server is required for enterprise security mode choice.
WPA2 is no longer considered secure, hence ______ is recommended when available.
WPA2 is no longer considered secure, hence ______ is recommended when available.
The UDP port number for RADIUS Authentication is ______.
The UDP port number for RADIUS Authentication is ______.
The Shared key is used to authenticate the AP with the ______ server.
The Shared key is used to authenticate the AP with the ______ server.
Clients then attempt to associate and authenticate with an ______.
Clients then attempt to associate and authenticate with an ______.
After being authenticated, wireless users have access to network ______.
After being authenticated, wireless users have access to network ______.
APs can be categorized as either autonomous APs or ______ APs.
APs can be categorized as either autonomous APs or ______ APs.
Each autonomous AP acts independently of the others and is managed manually by an ______.
Each autonomous AP acts independently of the others and is managed manually by an ______.
Controller-based APs use ______ Access Point Protocol to communicate with a WLC.
Controller-based APs use ______ Access Point Protocol to communicate with a WLC.
Types of external antennas include omnidirectional and ______ antennas.
Types of external antennas include omnidirectional and ______ antennas.
Omnidirectional antennas provide ______-degree coverage.
Omnidirectional antennas provide ______-degree coverage.
Examples of directional antennas include the Yagi and ______ dish.
Examples of directional antennas include the Yagi and ______ dish.
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) uses multiple antennas to increase ______.
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) uses multiple antennas to increase ______.
Lightweight APs are also known as ______ APs.
Lightweight APs are also known as ______ APs.
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Study Notes
Types of Wireless Networks
-
Wireless Personal-Area Network (WPAN):
- Short-range (20-30 ft or 6-9 meters).
- Based on IEEE 802.15 standard at 2.4 GHz.
- Examples include Bluetooth and Zigbee.
-
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN):
- Covers medium-sized networks up to about 300 feet.
- Based on IEEE 802.11 standard, operating at 2.4 or 5.0 GHz.
-
Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN):
- Serves large areas like cities or districts.
- Utilizes specific licensed frequencies.
-
Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN):
- Extensive area for national or global communication.
- Uses specific licensed frequencies.
Wireless Technologies
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Bluetooth:
- IEEE WPAN standard, connects devices within 300 ft (100 m).
-
Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE):
- Supports mesh topology for large-scale networks.
-
WiMAX:
- Alternative broadband technology; IEEE 802.16 standard.
- Operates over distances of up to 30 miles (50 km).
-
Cellular Broadband:
- Carries both voice and data.
- Includes GSM (global standard) and CDMA (US-specific).
-
Satellite Broadband:
- Requires directional satellite dish for connectivity.
- Ideal for rural areas lacking other broadband options.
802.11 Standards
-
802.11:
- Operates at 2.4 GHz; data rates up to 2 Mb/s.
-
802.11a:
- Operates at 5 GHz; data rates up to 54 Mb/s and not interoperable with 802.11b/g.
-
802.11b:
- Operates at 2.4 GHz; data rates up to 11 Mb/s with better range.
-
802.11g:
- Operates at 2.4 GHz; data rates up to 54 Mb/s and backward compatible with 802.11b.
-
802.11n:
- Operates at 2.4 and 5 GHz; data rates between 150 – 600 Mb/s; requires MIMO technology.
-
802.11ac:
- Operates at 5 GHz; data rates from 450 Mb/s to 1.3 Gb/s; supports multiple antennas.
-
802.11ax:
- Supports 2.4 and 5 GHz; provides High-Efficiency Wireless.
WLAN Components
-
Wireless Network Interface Cards (NICs):
- Integrated in devices like laptops and smartphones to enable wireless communication.
- USB wireless adapters can substitute if no integrated NIC is available.
-
Wireless Home Routers:
- Connects wireless devices; functions as access point, switch, and router.
-
Wireless Access Points (APs):
- Clients use wireless NICs to connect to APs after authentication for network access.
-
AP Categories:
- Autonomous APs: Standalone devices, manually configured.
- Controller-based APs (Lightweight APs): Managed by a Lightweight Controller, automatically configured.
-
Wireless Antennas:
- Omnidirectional: 360-degree coverage, ideal for common environments.
- Directional: Focused signal in one direction (e.g., Yagi antenna).
- MIMO: Uses multiple antennas to increase bandwidth.
Secure WLANs
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Encryption Methods:
- WPA: Uses TKIP for legacy support; encrypts Layer 2 payload.
- WPA2: Uses AES with CCMP for better security.
-
Authentication in Enterprise:
- Uses RADIUS server for Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting (AAA).
- Requires RADIUS server IP address and UDP port numbers (1812 for Authentication, 1813 for Accounting).
-
WPA3:
- Recommended due to security vulnerabilities in WPA2.
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