2.3 – Wireless Networks: Wireless Network Standards
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the antenna in the context of RFID technology?

  • To increase the range of communication
  • To store data for future transmission
  • To generate RFID signals
  • To capture signals and convert them to power (correct)

What distinguishes active RFID tags from passive ones?

  • Active RFID tags can transmit data longer distances
  • Active RFID tags are cheaper to produce
  • Active RFID tags require less maintenance
  • Active RFID tags have their own power source (correct)

NFC technology primarily enables what type of interaction between mobile devices?

  • One-way data transfer
  • Two-way communication (correct)
  • Long-range communication
  • High-speed internet access

In which scenario might NFC be used according to the provided content?

<p>To unlock a door using a mobile device (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do mobile devices utilize NFC technology during transactions?

<p>By associating credit cards to enable payments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum speed achieved by the 802.11a standard?

<p>54 megabits per second (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which frequency range does the 802.11b standard operate in?

<p>2.4 gigahertz (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the 802.11a standard not commonly seen in use today?

<p>It has been replaced by faster and newer standards. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of network do we often refer to when discussing 802.11 standards?

<p>Wi-Fi networks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic distinguishes the signal propagation of the 802.11a standard from the 802.11b standard?

<p>802.11a uses higher frequencies leading to more signal absorption. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the 802.11a standard initially released?

<p>October 1999 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical maximum speed of the 802.11b standard?

<p>11 megabits per second (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the Wi-Fi Alliance contribute to wireless networking standards?

<p>By testing the interoperability of different wireless devices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using the 2.4 gigahertz frequency for wireless networks?

<p>Longer transmission distances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which standard is known for operating exclusively in the 5 gigahertz range?

<p>802.11ac (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technology introduced by 802.11n allows for transferring more information simultaneously?

<p>MIMO (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which wireless standard is referred to as Wi-Fi 6?

<p>802.11ax (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What maximum throughput can 802.11ac theoretically achieve?

<p>7 gigabits per second (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation of the 2.4 gigahertz frequency?

<p>It experiences frequency conflicts with other devices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of the 802.11n standard regarding channel widths?

<p>Supports channel widths up to 160 megahertz (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between 802.11g and 802.11b?

<p>802.11g is an upgrade for 802.11b (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many streams can 802.11ac support for multi-user MIMO?

<p>8 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a benefit of using the 802.11n standard?

<p>Can operate on both 2.4 gigahertz and 5 gigahertz simultaneously (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which upgrade to wireless networking happened in February 2021?

<p>802.11ax (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding 802.11 frequency bands is true?

<p>802.11n can operate on both 2.4 gigahertz and 5 gigahertz (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'signaling modulation' refer to in the context of Wi-Fi 5?

<p>Enhancing data transfer capabilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What technology does 802.11ax introduce to improve communication in crowded areas?

<p>Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum theoretical throughput of 802.11ac per stream?

<p>867 megabits per second (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What frequency bands does 802.11n operate on?

<p>Both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary benefit of using multi-user MIMO in 802.11ax?

<p>Supports simultaneous download and upload streams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antenna type is best suited for long-range point-to-point connections?

<p>Yagi antenna (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum theoretical throughput of 802.11ax across all streams?

<p>9.6 gigabits per second (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application of RFID technology?

<p>Unlocking doors with access badges (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario would fixed directional antennas be necessary?

<p>Connecting two buildings wirelessly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum throughput per stream for 802.11ax?

<p>1.2 gigabits per second (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What regulation considerations are essential when installing outdoor antennas?

<p>Signal power and safety requirements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which 802.11 standard introduced MIMO technology?

<p>802.11n (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an RFID tag?

<p>Store and transmit identification information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary frequency range for 802.11b technology?

<p>2.4 GHz (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature distinguishes 802.11ax from previous standards?

<p>Ability to communicate in congested areas efficiently (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Passive RFID

RFID tags that do not have their own power source and rely on external energy, usually from a reader, to operate.

Active RFID

RFID tags that have their own internal power source, allowing them to transmit data independently.

NFC (Near Field Communication)

A short-range wireless communication technology that enables two devices to communicate when placed very close to each other.

NFC Payments

A common use case of NFC technology, where a mobile device is used to make payments by transmitting credit card information to a payment terminal.

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NFC Access Control

Using NFC to replace traditional access cards, allowing users to unlock doors or access restricted areas with their phones.

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What is 802.11?

The IEEE 802.11 standard refers to the wireless networking part of the 802 committee.

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What is a Wi-Fi network?

A trademark from the Wi-Fi Alliance, used to signify wireless networks that meet interoperability standards.

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What is 802.11a?

The first 802.11 standard released in 1999, it operates at 5 GHz and offers 54 Mbps speeds.

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What is 802.11b?

The 802.11b standard, released around the same time as 802.11a but completely different. It operates at 2.4 GHz and offers 11 Mbps.

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Why are 802.11a networks uncommon nowadays?

Wireless networks using 802.11a often get upgraded to newer and faster standards, making them less common today.

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How is the range of 802.11b affected by frequency?

The lower frequencies present in 802.11b allow signals to bounce off objects, providing a longer range compared to 802.11a.

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How do objects affect 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz signals?

5 GHz frequencies in 802.11a absorb more readily into surrounding objects than 2.4 GHz signals in 802.11b.

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What are the key differences between 802.11a and 802.11b?

Wireless networks can be categorized into different standards, each with distinct features like speed and range.

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802.11ax

A wireless communication standard designed to improve efficiency in crowded environments, such as sporting events or trade shows.

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Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA)

A method of wireless communication where the available bandwidth is divided into multiple subcarriers, allowing for simultaneous data transmission to multiple users.

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Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)

A type of communication that uses multiple antennas to transmit and receive data simultaneously, increasing the speed and efficiency of data transfer.

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Throughput

The maximum rate at which data can be transferred over a network connection.

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802.11a

A wireless communication standard that operates at 5 GHz and supports a maximum theoretical throughput of 54 Mbps.

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802.11b

A wireless communication standard that operates at 2.4 GHz and supports a maximum theoretical throughput of 11 Mbps.

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802.11g

A wireless communication standard that operates at 2.4 GHz and supports a maximum theoretical throughput of 54 Mbps.

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802.11n

A wireless communication standard that operates at both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz and supports a maximum theoretical throughput of 600 Mbps using four streams.

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802.11ac

A wireless communication standard that operates at 5 GHz and supports a maximum theoretical throughput of 6.9 Gbps using eight streams.

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Yagi Antenna

A fixed directional antenna designed to provide a focused, targeted wireless signal between two points.

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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

A wireless technology that uses radio waves to identify and track objects, often used in access badges, inventory management, and pet tracking.

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RFID Tag

A small, passive device used in RFID systems that stores identification information.

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RFID Reader

A device that reads information stored on RFID tags, enabling identification and tracking of objects.

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Flat RFID Tag

A type of RFID tag that is flat and circular, often used in access badges or as contactless payment methods.

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Why choose 802.11b over 802.11a?

The 802.11b standard, operating at 11 Mbps, was often preferred over the faster 802.11a (54 Mbps) due to its signal strength in certain environments.

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What is a downside of 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi?

2.4 GHz wireless networks are susceptible to interference from other devices that operate on the same frequency band, like baby monitors and Bluetooth.

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Is 802.11g backwards compatible?

802.11g is backwards compatible with 802.11b, meaning older devices can still connect to a network using the newer standard.

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What is 802.11n (Wi-Fi 4)?

802.11n, also known as Wi-Fi 4, provides significant speed improvements over previous standards and operates on both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequencies.

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What is MIMO?

Wi-Fi 4 uses a technology called MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) for improved data transmission between devices and the access point.

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What is 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5)?

802.11ac, or Wi-Fi 5, operates solely on the 5 GHz frequency band and offers significant speed increases over Wi-Fi 4.

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What is multi-user MIMO?

Wi-Fi 5 uses multi-user MIMO, allowing multiple users to communicate simultaneously over Wi-Fi.

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What is 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6)?

802.11ax, or Wi-Fi 6, operates on both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequencies and supports various channel widths.

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What is the throughput of Wi-Fi 6?

Wi-Fi 6 offers higher throughput compared to previous standards, but the increase is relatively smaller than advancements seen in earlier versions.

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How do Wi-Fi standards relate to speed?

The higher the numbered standard, the faster its data transfer speeds generally are.

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How do Wi-Fi 5 and 2.4 GHz networks work?

While Wi-Fi 5 operates exclusively on 5 GHz, some access points may support both 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz but use the 802.11n standard for 2.4 GHz connectivity.

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How do 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands compare?

The 2.4 GHz band provides better signal penetration and range, while the 5 GHz band offers higher speeds and less congestion.

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Why is 5 GHz often better for speed?

The 2.4 GHz frequency band is susceptible to interference as it's shared by other devices, while the 5 GHz band is less congested.

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Study Notes

Wireless Network Standards

  • Wireless networks are common in homes and businesses
  • Standards developed by IEEE 802 committee, specifically the 802.11 standard
  • Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance, responsible for testing interoperability
  • Different 802.11 standards exist, each with varying characteristics

802.11a

  • Released in October 1999
  • Operates exclusively at 5 GHz frequency range
  • Maximum speed of 54 Mbps
  • Lower range compared to 2.4 GHz due to signal absorption by objects
  • Rarely used today, superseded by faster standards

802.11b

  • Released around the same time as 802.11a
  • Operates in the 2.4 GHz frequency range
  • Maximum speed of 11 Mbps
  • Longer range than 802.11a due to signal bouncing off objects
  • Vulnerable to interference from other 2.4 GHz devices (baby monitors, cordless phones, Bluetooth)

802.11g

  • Released in June 2003
  • Operates in the 2.4 GHz range
  • Upgraded speed to 54 Mbps, matching 802.11a
  • Backward compatible with 802.11b
  • Still susceptible to interference from other 2.4 GHz devices

802.11n (Wi-Fi 4)

  • Released in 2009
  • Operates at both 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz
  • Increased bandwidth to 40 MHz
  • Maximum theoretical throughput of 600 Mbps
  • Introduced MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output) technology
  • Provides improved data transfer

802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5)

  • Released in 2014
  • Operates exclusively in the 5 GHz range
  • Increased channel bandwidth up to 160 MHz, supporting more simultaneous channels
  • Uses signalling modulation, improving data transfer rate
  • Improved MIMO capabilities, including multi-user MIMO
  • Maximum theoretical throughput of nearly 7 Gbps

802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6)

  • Released in 2021
  • Operates at both 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz
  • Supports channel bandwidths of 20, 40, 80, and 160 MHz
  • Maximum theoretical throughput of 9.6 Gbps per stream
  • Introduced OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access) for improved performance in high-density environments

Antenna Considerations

  • Home/office networks typically use built-in antennas allowing for approximately 40-50 meters of range
  • Long-range applications require directional antennas, stronger signals, and careful consideration of regulations

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification)

  • Wireless technology used for various applications, from access control to inventory tracking
  • RFID tags operate using radar, converting received signals to power
  • Active RFID tags use a power source
  • NFC (Near-Field Communication) extends RFID to mobile devices for payments, pairing, and access control

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Description

This quiz covers the key wireless network standards established by the IEEE 802 committee, focusing particularly on the 802.11 family. You'll learn about different standards such as 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g, including their frequency ranges, maximum speeds, and characteristics. Test your knowledge on how these standards have evolved over the years.

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