Wireless Communication Systems

Definition: Wireless communication systems transmit information over air, space, or water using electromagnetic waves
Types:
- Cellular networks (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G)
- Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)
- Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMANs)
- Satellite communications
- Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Key characteristics:
- Mobility support
- Multipath fading
- Interference
- Security concerns
Applications:
- Mobile phones
- Laptops
- Tablets
- IoT devices

Definition: Network protocols define the rules and standards for data communication over a network
Types:
- Physical layer protocols (PHY)
- Data link layer protocols (DLL)
- Network layer protocols (NLP)
- Transport layer protocols (TLP)
- Session layer protocols (SLP)
- Presentation layer protocols (PSP)
- Application layer protocols (ALP)
Key protocols:
- TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
- HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
- FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
- DNS (Domain Name System)
Functions:
- Routing and addressing
- Error detection and correction
- Flow control and congestion avoidance
- Multiplexing and demultiplexing

Definition: Signal processing involves the manipulation and analysis of signals to extract information or improve signal quality
Types:
- Analog signal processing
- Digital signal processing
Techniques:
- Filtering (low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-stop)
- Amplification
- Modulation
- Demodulation
- Encoding and decoding
- Compression and decompression
Applications:
- Noise reduction
- Signal enhancement
- Data compression
- Image and video processing

Definition: Modulation involves varying the characteristics of a carrier signal to convey information
Types:
- Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
- Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
- Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
- Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
- Pulse Position Modulation (PPM)
- Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
Characteristics:
- Bandwidth efficiency
- Power efficiency
- Resistance to interference and noise
- Complexity and cost
Applications:
- Radio broadcasting
- Wireless communication systems
- Satellite communications
- Fiber optic communications

Wireless communication systems use electromagnetic waves to transmit information over air, space, or water
Types of wireless communication systems include cellular networks, WLANs, WMANs, satellite communications, and RFID
Mobility support is a key characteristic, allowing devices to move freely while maintaining connection
Multipath fading, interference, and security concerns are also key characteristics to consider

Network protocols define the rules and standards for data communication over a network
Types of network protocols include physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer protocols
TCP/IP, HTTP, FTP, and DNS are key network protocols used in modern networks
Network protocols perform functions such as routing and addressing, error detection and correction, and flow control and congestion avoidance

Signal processing involves manipulating and analyzing signals to extract information or improve signal quality
Types of signal processing include analog and digital signal processing
Techniques used in signal processing include filtering, amplification, modulation, demodulation, encoding, decoding, compression, and decompression
Signal processing has applications in noise reduction, signal enhancement, data compression, and image and video processing

Modulation involves varying the characteristics of a carrier signal to convey information
Types of modulation techniques include ASK, FSK, PSK, QAM, PPM, and PWM
Bandwidth efficiency, power efficiency, resistance to interference and noise, and complexity and cost are key characteristics of modulation techniques
Modulation techniques have applications in radio broadcasting, wireless communication systems, satellite communications, and fiber optic communications