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Questions and Answers
The microwave spectrum is usually defined as electromagnetic energy ranging from approximately 1 GHz to 100 GHz in frequency.
The microwave spectrum is usually defined as electromagnetic energy ranging from approximately 1 GHz to 100 GHz in frequency.
False
The L band frequency range is from 1 to 2 GHz.
The L band frequency range is from 1 to 2 GHz.
True
Waveguides can be classified as either metal waveguides or transmission lines.
Waveguides can be classified as either metal waveguides or transmission lines.
False
The S band frequency range is from 2 to 6 GHz.
The S band frequency range is from 2 to 6 GHz.
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The Ku band frequency range is from 12 to 18 GHz.
The Ku band frequency range is from 12 to 18 GHz.
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Waveguides are structures used to guide electromagnetic waves from point to point.
Waveguides are structures used to guide electromagnetic waves from point to point.
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The X band frequency range is from 10 to 15 GHz.
The X band frequency range is from 10 to 15 GHz.
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Dielectric waveguides consist of dielectric materials and employ reflections from dielectric interfaces to propagate the electromagnetic wave.
Dielectric waveguides consist of dielectric materials and employ reflections from dielectric interfaces to propagate the electromagnetic wave.
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Metal waveguides normally take the form of an open conducting metal pipe.
Metal waveguides normally take the form of an open conducting metal pipe.
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The Ka band frequency range is from 25 to 40 GHz.
The Ka band frequency range is from 25 to 40 GHz.
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Study Notes
Commercial Implementations
- Commercial implementations of wireless access technology operate in the 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 5.8 GHz ranges.
Wide Area Mobile Broadband Wireless Access
- MBWA protocols, such as IEEE 802.20 and ATIS/ANSI HC-SDMA (e.g., iBurst), operate between 1.6 GHz and 2.3 GHz to provide mobility and in-building penetration characteristics similar to mobile phones but with greater spectral efficiency.
Microwave Applications
- Microwave frequencies are used in:
- Cable TV and internet access on coaxial cable
- Broadcast television
- Mobile phone networks (e.g., GSM)
- Microwave radio broadcasting and telecommunication transmissions
- Television news transmission from remote locations
- Radar technology for detecting range, speed, and other characteristics of remote objects
- Radio astronomy
Microwave Sources
- Vacuum tube-based devices:
- Operate on the ballistic motion of electrons in a vacuum under the influence of controlling electric or magnetic fields
- Include magnetron, klystron, travelling wave tube (TWT), and gyrotron
- Solid-state sources:
- Field-effect transistor
- Tunnel diodes
- Gunn diodes
- Maser (Microwave Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation): a device similar to a laser, operating at microwave frequencies
Communication
- Microwave point-to-point links were used for long-distance telephone calls before the advent of fiber optic transmission
- Frequency division multiplex was used to send up to 5,400 telephone channels on each microwave radio channel
- Wireless LAN protocols, such as Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11, use microwaves in the 2.4 GHz ISM band
- Licensed long-range Wireless Internet Access services use the 3.5–4.0 GHz range
- Metropolitan Area Networks: MAN protocols, such as WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), operate between 2 to 11 GHz
Microwave Frequency Bands
- Microwave frequency bands, as defined by the Radio Society of Great Britain (RSGB), are:
- L band: 1 to 2 GHz
- S band: 2 to 4 GHz
- C band: 4 to 8 GHz
- X band: 8 to 12 GHz
- Ku band: 12 to 18 GHz
- K band: 18 to 26.5 GHz
- Ka band: 26.5 to 40 GHz
- Q band: 30 to 50 GHz
- U band: 40 to 60 GHz
- V band: 50 to 75 GHz
- E band: 60 to 90 GHz
Waveguides
- Waveguides are structures used to guide electromagnetic waves from point to point
- Types of waveguides:
- Metal waveguides: enclosed conducting metal pipes
- Dielectric waveguides: use dielectric interfaces to propagate the electromagnetic wave
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Description
This quiz covers various wireless communication systems, including commercial implementations and mobile broadband wireless access protocols. It also touches on microwave communication and coaxial cable usage.
