Podcast
Questions and Answers
Match the following microwave sources with their operating mode:
Match the following microwave sources with their operating mode:
Vacuum tube based devices = density modulated mode Solid-state sources = current modulated mode Maser = laser-like mode Gyrotron = ballistic motion mode
Match the following frequency bands with their corresponding applications:
Match the following frequency bands with their corresponding applications:
ISM band = Wireless LAN protocols U-NII frequencies = Licensed long-range Wireless Internet Access 5 GHz range = Metropolitan Area Networks 3.5–4.0 GHz range = Point-to-point links
Match the following wireless protocols with their operating frequencies:
Match the following wireless protocols with their operating frequencies:
Bluetooth = 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.11a = 5 GHz range WiMAX = 3.5–4.0 GHz range IEEE 802.16 = 2 to 11 GHz
Match the following microwave communication systems with their applications:
Match the following microwave communication systems with their applications:
Match the following microwave devices with their operating principles:
Match the following microwave devices with their operating principles:
Match the following microwave frequency bands with their corresponding applications:
Match the following microwave frequency bands with their corresponding applications:
Match the following microwave sources with their characteristics:
Match the following microwave sources with their characteristics:
Match the following wireless protocols with their corresponding standards:
Match the following wireless protocols with their corresponding standards:
Match the following microwave applications with their characteristics:
Match the following microwave applications with their characteristics:
Match the following microwave frequency bands with their corresponding applications:
Match the following microwave frequency bands with their corresponding applications:
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Study Notes
Microwave Frequencies
- Commercial implementations operate in 2.3 GHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 5.8 GHz ranges.
- MBWA protocols operate between 1.6 GHz and 2.3 GHz for mobility and in-building penetration.
Microwave Applications
- Cable TV and internet access use lower microwave frequencies.
- Mobile phone networks, like GSM, use lower microwave frequencies.
- Microwave radio is used in broadcasting and telecommunication transmissions due to its short wavelength and high spectral efficiency.
Radar and Remote Sensing
- Radar uses microwave radiation to detect range, speed, and characteristics of remote objects.
- Radar is used in air traffic control, navigation of ships, and speed limit enforcement.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
- GNSS, including GPS, broadcast navigational signals between 1.2 GHz and 1.6 GHz.
Power and Energy
- Microwave ovens use non-ionizing radiation at 2.45 GHz to heat food.
- Microwave heating is used in industrial processes for drying and curing products.
- Microwaves can be used to transmit power over long distances.
Microwave Frequency Bands
- The microwave spectrum ranges from approximately 1 GHz to 1000 GHz in frequency.
- The IEEE defines the millimeter wave band as 110 GHz to 300 GHz.
Microwave Sources
- Vacuum tube-based devices operate on ballistic motion of electrons in a vacuum.
- Solid-state sources include field-effect transistors, tunnel diodes, and Gunn diodes.
Communication
- Microwave point-to-point links were used for long-distance telephone calls before fiber optic transmission.
- Frequency division multiplex was used to send up to 5,400 telephone channels on each microwave radio channel.
- Wireless LAN protocols, such as Bluetooth and IEEE 802.11, use microwaves in the 2.4 GHz ISM band.
- Licensed long-range Wireless Internet Access services operate in the 3.5-4.0 GHz range.
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