Wireless Communication for Vehicular Multimedia

• Introduction to Wireless Communication is the topic
• This presentation is for Vehicular Multimedia (MPA-VHM)
• The presenter is Ladislav Polak from the Department of Radio Electronics at Brno University of Technology, FEEC

Definition of Terms

• Wireless communication involves a network where data is sent and received via radio frequencies (RF)
• Mobile communication uses technology allowing communication in different locations without physical connections making life easier
• Portability/Flexibility allows device connections to mobile or wireless systems, with limited capabilities
• Accessibility means that there is easy access to remote areas
• Speed indicates high accuracy and speed of connectivity
• Constant connectivity allows quick responses, especially in emergencies
• Cost effectiveness is achieved by eliminating the need for physical infrastructure

Actual Trends

• Mobile devices and connections are increasing
• Machine-to-Machine (M2M) applications span many industries
• Mobile device connections are growing

Conclusion

• The number of connected mobile devices and the volume of data transferred are increasing rapidly worldwide
• Data transfer growth exceeds mobile device count growth
• Growth trends vary across mobile network technologies, with older technologies declining

Radio Frequency (RF) Spectrum

• Radio waves are electromagnetic radiation with frequencies from 30 Hz to 3,000 GHz
• They are described by frequency (f) or wavelength (λ)
• Calculated assuming light speed in a vacuum, approximately c = 3 * 10^8 ms^-1
• Different parts of the RF spectrum are used for different services and signal propagation

RF Bands

• Various letter designations of frequency bands exist based on standard
• Extreme Low Frequency (ELF) ranges from 3-30 Hz
• Super Low Frequency (SLF) ranges from 30-300 Hz
• Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) ranges from 0.3-3 kHz
• Very Low Frequency (VLF) ranges from 3-30 kHz
• Low Frequency (LF) ranges from 30-300 kHz
• Medium Frequency (MF) ranges from 0.3-3 MHz
• High Frequency (HF) ranges from 3-30 MHz
• Very High Frequency (VHF) ranges from 30-300 MHz
• Ultra High Frequency (UHF) ranges from 0.3-3 GHz
• Super High Frequency (SHF) ranges from 3-30 GHz
• Extremely High Frequency (EHF) ranges from 30-300 GHz
• Radio frequency (RF) bands are small areas of radio spectrum used by different services

Radio Communication System Basics

• Information capacity is limited by the Shannon-Hartley limit
• Transmission capacity is related to this limit
• C represents the channel capacity
• B is the communication channel's bandwidth in Hertz (Hz)
• S is the average received signal power over the bandwidth
• N is the average received noise power over the bandwidth
• R/B represents bandwidth spectral efficiency in [bit/s/Hz]
• According to bandwidth (B) and signal-to-noise power ration (S/N), data can be transmitted at the rate R [bps] where R ≤ C.
• Real transmission rates for concrete channel parameters are given as: R ≤ Blog2 (1 + S/N)

Communication System – Principal Components

• Source is a component like a microphone or television scanning tube that converts non-electrical information to electrical signals
• Format involves analog-to-digital (A/D) conversion and is required when the input is not in digital form (0/1)
• Source Encoder (Compression) reduces redundant and irreverent parts of the input signal.
• Channel Encoder (Error protection) protects against transmission errors by increasing redundancy
• Modulator converts information from baseband to bandpass waveform
• Communication channel is a physical environment transmitting RF signals between the transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX), subject to random and non-random interference

Radio Link Budget

• Radio Link Budget summarizes transmission system gains and losses
• It determines signal strength at receiver (RX) input

Radio Link Budget Formula Parameters

• Pt = Transmitter output power
• Gt = Transmitter antenna gain
• λ = Wavelength
• d = Distance between transmitter and receiver.
• Lo = Losses associated with antenna setting.
• Lp = Polarization losses
• Gr = Receiver antenna gain
• To = Noise temperature of the whole system

Radio Link Budget Gains and Losses

• LTx represents transmit feeder and associated losses
• LFS represents free space loss, and Lp represents miscellaneous signal propagation losses
• LRX represents receiver feeder and associated losses

Wireless Networks

• WAN means Wide Area Network
  • Typically covers entire countries using technologies like 3GPP, GSM, UMTS, and the Internet
• MAN means Metropolitan Area Network
  • It features regional coverage, gradually replaced by WAN and uses IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN (WiMaX)
• LAN means Local Area Network
  • Covers a geographically limited area with IEEE 802.11 wireless networks.
• PAN means Personal Area Network
  • Range measures only a few meters using Bluetooth, ZigBee, and UWB
• BAN means Body Area Networks
  • Used for portable on-body wireless devices and personalized healthcare

Evolving Mobile Networks

• 1G (1980-1990) used analog signals for voice calls within one country
• 2G (1990-1995) was based on GSM, offering better network capacity
• 2,5G (1995-2000) supported data with systems like HSM-GPRS, GSM-HDCSD, and GSM-EDGE
• 3G (2000-2010) employed packet switching (UMTS) for faster communication
• 4G (2010-2020) used LTE for multimedia anywhere
• 5G (2020-2030) enables IoT for smart cities with fast transmission and low latency using LPWAN

Wireless Networks in Vehicles

• Modern vehicles use wireless technologies such as WLANS (Wi-Fi) and PANs (Bluetooth)
• Software updates like navigation are possible over-the-air (OTA)
• These Wi-Fi and RF modules make mobile hot spots
• Streaming and multimedia are then available
• Smartphones and apps remotely unlock cars and diagnose issues

Presentation on wireless communication concepts and trends in vehicular multimedia (MPA-VHM). It covers the definition of terms such as wireless and mobile communication, highlighting portability, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness. The presentation also touches upon current trends like increasing mobile devices.