Wireless Body Area Networks Overview

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Questions and Answers

What technological advancement has improved data transmission in WBAN?

Miniaturization of sensors (correct)

Ethernet networking

Satellite communication

Fiber optic cables

Which of the following describes a challenge faced by WBAN?

Network partitioning (correct)

Limited data storage

Overlapping frequency bands

High energy consumption

How has artificial intelligence contributed to WBAN systems?

By enabling personalized health analytics (correct)

By reducing data costs

By increasing hardware speed

By improving internet connectivity

What demographic primarily benefits from modern remote healthcare systems?

Elderly people and newborn babies Signup and view all the answers

What was the reported death rate from chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease in 2017?

70% Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of WBAN systems does the paper discuss regarding the future?

Improvement in body area networks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a primary healthcare application of WBAN?

Chronic disease monitoring Signup and view all the answers

What integration technology enhances the performance of WBAN systems?

Wireless communication technologies Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary functions of WBAN?

Transferring real-time data Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following problems is NOT mentioned as a challenge for WBAN?

Environmental impact Signup and view all the answers

How does WBAN ensure the analysis of patient data is contactless?

Through real-time data transfer Signup and view all the answers

What does WBAN primarily rely on to protect data during transmission?

Security protocols Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sensors would most likely be found in a WBAN for healthcare applications?

Heart rate monitors Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of an attack on WBAN channels?

Impact on both patient and medical practitioners Signup and view all the answers

What role does multisensory fusion play in WBAN?

Improves data integrity Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of WBAN for patients?

Continuous monitoring with mobility Signup and view all the answers

What is the communication range of WBAN compared to WSN?

2 m to 5 m Signup and view all the answers

Which data rate is typical for WBAN?

1 kbps – 10 kbps Signup and view all the answers

What is a unique characteristic of WBAN compared to other wireless networks?

More reliable and steadier performance Signup and view all the answers

What type of connections can WBAN establish?

Internet and other wireless devices Signup and view all the answers

Which bands are utilized by WBAN for communication?

MICS and WMTS Signup and view all the answers

What applications have benefited from WBAN technology?

Patient monitoring and early detection of health problems Signup and view all the answers

What type of energy specifications does BT-LE utilize?

Ultra-low energy demand specifications Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of healthcare does WBAN enhance?

Quality of life and monitoring time Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs)

Networks are essential for daily life, enabling communication between senders and receivers.
WBANs are a significant advancement in network communication.
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and intelligent sensors allow for accurate body parameter predictions.
WBANs are used in medical and non-medical applications.
Real-time health monitoring is a core application, collecting physiological data in various environments.
Low-power and energy-efficient design enables extended monitoring periods.
Miniaturized sensors and wireless communication facilitate seamless data transfer to centralized systems.
Artificial intelligence and machine learning enable personalized, context-aware health monitoring.

Introduction

Current medical needs focus on physically challenged, elderly, and newborn populations.
Chronic diseases like coronary heart, kidney, cerebrovascular diseases and several cancers are prevalent causes of death.
Early detection can prevent mortality in the early stages.
Advancements in healthcare demand innovative solutions for managing epidemics, endemics, pandemics, and financial crises.
Real-time body data monitoring and storage in cloud-based medical records are crucial.
Remote healthcare systems are becoming more common due to pandemics.

WBAN Architecture

WBAN utilizes a three-tier architecture.
Tier 1: Sensors embedded in the human body to collect data.
Tier 2: Patient system transmits data to a central server.
Tier 3: Medical server stores and processes data for medical professionals' use.

WBAN Topology

WBAN primarily uses star topology.
Each sensor node connects to a central sink node.
One-hop topology connects each sensor directly to the sink.
Two-hop topology connects some sensor nodes to each other and the sink. Choice depends on application needs.

IEEE 802 Layers

IEEE 802 standards function at lower OSI levels concerning data link and physical layers.
Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer manages error detection.
Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer governs data transmission.
MAC's distributed coordination function (DCF) employs Ethernet-based contention for resource allocation.
MAC's point coordination function (PCF) provides contention-free access for high-priority traffic.

IEEE Standards

WBAN utilizes IEEE 802.15.4 and 802.15.6 standards.
IEEE 802.15.4 addresses physical and MAC layers for short-range, low-power, and lower bit-rate communication.
IEEE 802.15.6 is for WBAN communication outside and inside the body.
It enables short-range, low-power, and reliable communication.

WBAN Types

Autonomous WBAN: Sensors make decisions and directly communicate with patients.
Managed WBAN: Sensors send data to medical professionals, who interpret and act.
Intelligent WBAN: Combines autonomous and managed approaches, addressing normal and emergency situations.

Network Classifications of WBANs

WBANs classify traffic into on-demand (continuous or discontinuous), emergency, and regular or normal traffic.
Emergency traffic is critical and unpredictable.
Normal traffic happens in regular or patient-operated situations.

WBAN Sensor Types

Implantable sensors: Invasive insertion, often for long-term use.
Ingestible sensors: Ingested for passage through the gastrointestinal tract.
Body-surfaced or patched sensors: Worn on the skin's surface for monitoring.

WBAN Traffic Classifications

On-demand traffic: needed for critical events or when appropriate.
Emergency traffic: used in emergency or critical situations where data transfer cannot be delayed.
Normal traffic: used in normal situations.

WBAN Security

Data Originality: Ensures data authenticity.
Data Confidentiality: Data encryption is essential.
Data Integrity: Checks for message alterations during transmission.
Data Availability: Authorized access to data.
Authentication: Verifies user identities to prevent unauthorized access.
Authorization: Granting access based on user authentication.

WBAN Attacks

Internal attacks within the network, often by malicious nodes.
External attacks from outside the network using various methods.
Passive attacks observe data without interfering.
Active attacks tamper or modify data.

WBAN Authentication

One-way authentication: Medical practitioner or patient sends credentials to verify identity.
Mutual authentication: Both parties verify each other's credentials.
Password-based authentication: Uses password for verification.
Biometric authentication: Uses unique biological measurements for verification.
Shared secret based: Uses pre-shared secrets.
Asymmetric based: Uses public and private keys for verification.

WBAN Routing

WBAN routing protocols address unique challenges of WBANs, including limited resources, mobility, and interference.
Cluster-based protocols divide sensor nodes into clusters; each cluster has a cluster head and routes information to the sink.
Cross-layered protocols utilize data from various layers to optimize routing decisions, considering energy, reliability and throughput.

WBAN MAC Protocols

Collision-free protocols (scheduling-based, polling-based) use predefined time slots or polling processes to avoid collisions.
Contention-based protocols (CSMA/CA) allow nodes to contend for access to the channel, adapting to changes in data traffic.
Hybrid protocols combine elements from both collision-free and contention-based approaches.

WBAN Research Issues

Raw material requirements for sensor manufacturing.
Data link layer design for improving stability and efficiency.
Continuous sensor operation in high-demand environments.
Signal loss mitigation due to anatomical and environmental factors.

WBAN Applications

Medical Applications: Seizure detection, soldier health monitoring, cardiovascular monitoring, cancer detection.
Non-Medical Applications: Entertainment, disaster management, tele-healthcare.

WBAN Advancements

Quantum cryptography for enhanced security.
Virtual Reality (VR) integration for enhanced patient care.
Artificial intelligence (AI) for automatic medical assistance.
Energy harvesting for long-term operation of WBAN devices.

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Description

Explore the advancements in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs), focusing on their applications in health monitoring and the technology behind them. Learn about microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), intelligent sensors, and the role of AI in personalized healthcare. This quiz will test your understanding of both medical and non-medical WBAN applications.