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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of ground in a two-wire circuit?
What is the primary function of ground in a two-wire circuit?
How does data transmission occur in a two-wire circuit?
How does data transmission occur in a two-wire circuit?
What is the primary advantage of a four-wire circuit compared to a two-wire circuit?
What is the primary advantage of a four-wire circuit compared to a two-wire circuit?
What does TD+ represent in a four-wire circuit?
What does TD+ represent in a four-wire circuit?
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Which component is optional in a four-wire circuit?
Which component is optional in a four-wire circuit?
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What type of communication is employed by a two-wire circuit?
What type of communication is employed by a two-wire circuit?
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Which of these is NOT a characteristic of four-wire circuits?
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of four-wire circuits?
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What best describes the signal management in a four-wire circuit?
What best describes the signal management in a four-wire circuit?
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What characterizes circuit-switched systems during a communication session?
What characterizes circuit-switched systems during a communication session?
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Which feature enhances the reliability of packet-switched networks?
Which feature enhances the reliability of packet-switched networks?
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What is the main characteristic of packet switching?
What is the main characteristic of packet switching?
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Which of the following is NOT a technique for digital to analog signal conversion?
Which of the following is NOT a technique for digital to analog signal conversion?
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What defines the encoding of digital signals on a transmission link?
What defines the encoding of digital signals on a transmission link?
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What type of modulation is used for analog to digital signal conversion?
What type of modulation is used for analog to digital signal conversion?
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Which statement is true about traditional telephone networks?
Which statement is true about traditional telephone networks?
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Which encoding technique represents digital signals with a continuous voltage level?
Which encoding technique represents digital signals with a continuous voltage level?
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Which encoding scheme uses positive voltage for bit 1 and zero voltage for bit 0 without returning to zero?
Which encoding scheme uses positive voltage for bit 1 and zero voltage for bit 0 without returning to zero?
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In which scheme does the voltage level directly determine the value of the bit?
In which scheme does the voltage level directly determine the value of the bit?
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What occurs in the NRZ-I (NRZ-Invert) scheme when the next bit to transmit is logical 11?
What occurs in the NRZ-I (NRZ-Invert) scheme when the next bit to transmit is logical 11?
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Among the encoding types, which utilizes three values: positive, negative, and zero?
Among the encoding types, which utilizes three values: positive, negative, and zero?
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In the Manchester encoding scheme, what is the transition pattern for bit 1?
In the Manchester encoding scheme, what is the transition pattern for bit 1?
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What characterizes a Unipolar scheme in line encoding?
What characterizes a Unipolar scheme in line encoding?
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Which type of encoding defines bit 0 with half of the signal represented by -V and half by zero?
Which type of encoding defines bit 0 with half of the signal represented by -V and half by zero?
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Which encoding scheme has a transition from +V to -V in the middle of the bit for bit 0?
Which encoding scheme has a transition from +V to -V in the middle of the bit for bit 0?
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What defines a transition in Differential Manchester encoding?
What defines a transition in Differential Manchester encoding?
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In Bipolar encoding, what does a binary 0 represent?
In Bipolar encoding, what does a binary 0 represent?
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What is a characteristic of asynchronous transmission?
What is a characteristic of asynchronous transmission?
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Which of the following is true about synchronous transmission?
Which of the following is true about synchronous transmission?
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What does Pseudoternary encoding represent for binary 1?
What does Pseudoternary encoding represent for binary 1?
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Which statement accurately describes the efficiency of synchronous transmission?
Which statement accurately describes the efficiency of synchronous transmission?
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In Bipolar schemes, how are binary 1s represented in AMI?
In Bipolar schemes, how are binary 1s represented in AMI?
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What is a disadvantage of asynchronous transmission compared to synchronous transmission?
What is a disadvantage of asynchronous transmission compared to synchronous transmission?
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Study Notes
Wire Circuits
- Two-wire circuits use a single pair of wires for data transmission, with one wire for the signal and one for ground.
- Half-duplex communication occurs when data is transmitted in one direction at a time using the same pair of wires, but not simultaneously.
- Four-wire circuits utilize two pairs of wires--one dedicated for transmitting and the other for receiving signals.
- Ground is often included in four-wire circuits to provide a common reference, but it's not always explicitly required.
- Differential pairs handle signal integrity and noise rejection, reducing interference and enabling higher data transfer rates compared to two-wire circuits.
- Dedicated communication paths established between devices are a key feature of circuit switching.
- Consistent bandwidth and latency are provided in circuit switching during data transmission.
- Packet switching divides data into small packets that are sent independently through the network and then reassembled at the destination.
- Packet switching offers greater reliability by allowing packets to be rerouted along alternate paths if one fails.
- Modern data networks, including the internet, rely predominantly on packet switching.
Digital Encoding Techniques
- Amplitude Modulation (AM): Used for analog-to-analog conversion of signals.
- Frequency Modulation (FM): Used for analog-to-analog conversion of signals.
- Phase Modulation (PM): Used for analog-to-analog conversion of signals.
- Pulse Code Modulation (PCM): Used for analog-to-digital conversion of signals.
- Delta Modulation (DM): Used for analog-to-digital conversion of signals.
- Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK): Used for digital-to-analog conversion of signals.
- Frequency Shift Keying (FSK): Used for digital-to-analog conversion of signals.
- Phase Shift Keying (PSK): Used for digital-to-analog conversion of signals.
- Non-Return to Zero (NRZ): A digital-to-digital encoding method where a positive voltage represents a bit 1, and zero voltage represents a bit 0.
- Return to Zero (RZ): A digital-to-digital encoding method utilizing positive, negative, and zero voltage levels. For bit 1, half the signal is represented by +V and the other half by zero. For bit 0, half the signal is represented by -V and the other by zero.
- Manchester encoding: A digital-to-digital method that utilizes a voltage transition in the middle of each bit period to define a bit 1 or 0.
- Differential Manchester encoding: A digital-to-digital encoding technique with a transition in the middle of each bit, but the bit value is determined by the presence or absence of a transition at the beginning of the bit period.
- Alternative Mark Inversion (AMI): A bipolar scheme that uses zero voltage to represent binary 0 and alternating positive and negative voltages to represent binary 1s.
- Pseudoternary: A bipolar encoding method where bit 1 is represented by a zero voltage and bit 0 is represented by alternating positive and negative voltages.
Synchronization Methods
- Synchronous Transmission: Data is sent in blocks or frames with a constant time interval, resulting in faster and more efficient transmission.
- Asynchronous Transmission: Data is sent in individual bytes or characters with a random time interval, making it slower and less efficient.
- Start and Stop Bits: Used in asynchronous transmission to define the beginning and end of each character, adding overhead to the transmission.
- Parity Bits: Utilized in asynchronous transmission to provide error detection, but not for synchronizing new bytes of data.
- Clock Synchronization: Synchronous transmission requires precisely synchronized clocks for the accurate identification of new byte information, while asynchronous transmission does not.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of wire circuits and their communication types in this quiz. Learn about two-wire and four-wire circuits, half-duplex and differential pairs, as well as key concepts like circuit and packet switching. Test your understanding of how these principles apply in data transmission.