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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the wing main spar?
What is the primary purpose of the wing main spar?
- To support fuel storage
- To withstand bending and torsional loads (correct)
- To provide aerodynamic lift
- To enhance wing flexibility
What role do wing ribs serve in the airframe?
What role do wing ribs serve in the airframe?
- To support the structural integrity of the wing (correct)
- To enhance structural flexibility
- To provide fuel storage compartments
- To minimize aero drag
What is the main function of stringers in an aircraft wing?
What is the main function of stringers in an aircraft wing?
- To support the landing gear attachments
- To provide additional weight to the wing
- To store fuel during flight
- To prevent buckling and support the wing skin (correct)
After experiencing the design limit load, what must the airframe structure maintain?
After experiencing the design limit load, what must the airframe structure maintain?
In the construction of airframes, what is the primary role of frames or formers?
In the construction of airframes, what is the primary role of frames or formers?
How can wing bending moments during flight be effectively reduced?
How can wing bending moments during flight be effectively reduced?
Which statements correctly describe a safe life structure?
Which statements correctly describe a safe life structure?
What characterizes a fail-safe structure?
What characterizes a fail-safe structure?
What is an important quality of the skin in a modern pressurized aircraft?
What is an important quality of the skin in a modern pressurized aircraft?
What is the primary load-bearing structure of an aircraft that carries much of the structural loads?
What is the primary load-bearing structure of an aircraft that carries much of the structural loads?
What is the main function of the fuselage in an aircraft?
What is the main function of the fuselage in an aircraft?
What do station numbers (Stn) and water lines (WL) help with?
What do station numbers (Stn) and water lines (WL) help with?
What materials are flight deck windows typically constructed from?
What materials are flight deck windows typically constructed from?
A cantilever wing is characterized by what feature?
A cantilever wing is characterized by what feature?
What does a torsion box within the wing help resist?
What does a torsion box within the wing help resist?
What is the purpose of a lightening hole in a rib?
What is the purpose of a lightening hole in a rib?
Control surface flutter is defined as what?
Control surface flutter is defined as what?
What is a damage tolerant structure known for?
What is a damage tolerant structure known for?
The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass (MZFM) of an aircraft refers to what?
The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass (MZFM) of an aircraft refers to what?
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Study Notes
Wing Structures
- Main Spar: The main spar supports the wing's bending and torsional loads.
- Ribs: Ribs shape the wing and give support to the wing's skin.
- Stringers: Stringers prevent buckling and bending by stiffening and supporting the wing's skin.
- Lightening Hole: A lightening hole in a rib is designed to lighten and stiffen the structure.
###Â Airframe Structure
- Frames or Formers: The primary purpose of frames or formers in an airframe is to shape and form the fuselage.
- Torsion Box: A torsion box is a structure within the wing that resists bending and twisting loads. The structure is formed between the wing spars, skin, and ribs.
- Control Surface Flutter: Control surface flutter is a destructive vibration that must be damped out. It occurs at high angles of attack.
- Damage Tolerant Structures: Damage tolerant structures have a degree of structural strength spread over a large area, making them more robust and able to withstand damage.
###Â Aircraft Construction
- Skin Structures: The skin of a modern pressurized aircraft acts as primary load-bearing structure, taking a significant amount of structural loads.
- Cantilever Wing: A cantilever wing has no external bracing and is supported only at one end.
- Maximum Zero Fuel Mass (MZFM): This is the maximum permissible mass of an aircraft with no usable fuel.
###Â Other Key Facts
- Reducing Wing Bending Moments: Wing bending moments can be reduced by using aileron 'up-float' and using the fuel in the wings last.
- Safe Life Structure: Safe life structures can only operate for a known number of hours or operations and should not fail until a predicted number of fatigue cycles has been achieved.
- Fail-Safe Structure: A fail-safe structure will tolerate a certain amount of structural damage due to redundant strength.
- Fuselage Purpose: The main purpose of the fuselage is to house the crew and payload.
- Station Numbers (Stn) & Water Lines (WL): Station numbers and water lines help to locate airframe structure and components.
- Flight Deck Windows: These are made from strengthened glass with shock-absorbing clear vinyl interlayers and rubber pressure seals.
- Control Surface Flutter Minimization: Control surface flutter is minimized by mass balancing the control surface.
- Aircraft Structure Materials: Mainly, aluminium alloy sheets and rivets are used with titanium or steel materials for high strength areas.
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