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Questions and Answers
Match the following phenomena with their effects on climate:
Match the following phenomena with their effects on climate:
Distance From The Sea = Influences temperature and humidity levels Altitude Effects = Cooler temperatures at higher elevations Ocean Currents Impact = Regulates coastal temperatures Aspect Of Slopes = Affects sunlight exposure and vegetation
Match the following winds with their characteristics:
Match the following winds with their characteristics:
Sea Breezes = Cools land during hot afternoons Katabatic Winds = Causes low night temperatures in valleys Chinook Winds = Descending dry winds affecting leeward sides Anabatic Winds = Causes afternoon showers in mountainous regions
Match the following human activities with their environmental impacts:
Match the following human activities with their environmental impacts:
Deforestation = Leads to drop in rainfall amounts Construction of Dams = Converts semi-arid regions to wetlands Afforestation = Increases moisture retention and rainfall Fossil Fuel Emissions = Contributes to global warming
Match the following types of winds with their associated rainfall effects:
Match the following types of winds with their associated rainfall effects:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following locations with their expected rainfall characteristics:
Match the following locations with their expected rainfall characteristics:
Match the following air mass types with their temperature characteristics:
Match the following air mass types with their temperature characteristics:
Match the following climate factors with their descriptions:
Match the following climate factors with their descriptions:
Match the following factors with their effects on temperature and rainfall:
Match the following factors with their effects on temperature and rainfall:
Match the following descriptions with their respective types of winds:
Match the following descriptions with their respective types of winds:
Match the geographical influences with their impacts on weather patterns:
Match the geographical influences with their impacts on weather patterns:
Match the following phenomena with their consequences for rainfall distribution:
Match the following phenomena with their consequences for rainfall distribution:
Match the following descriptions of slope aspects with their thermal effects:
Match the following descriptions of slope aspects with their thermal effects:
Match the following climatic anomalies with their causes:
Match the following climatic anomalies with their causes:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following meteorological features with their geographic influence:
Match the following meteorological features with their geographic influence:
Match the following factors influencing climate with their effects:
Match the following factors influencing climate with their effects:
Match the following climate effects with their respective factors:
Match the following climate effects with their respective factors:
Match the following altitude effects with their descriptions:
Match the following altitude effects with their descriptions:
Match the following distances from the sea with their consequences:
Match the following distances from the sea with their consequences:
Match the following ocean currents with their impacts:
Match the following ocean currents with their impacts:
Match the following winds and air masses with their characteristics:
Match the following winds and air masses with their characteristics:
Match the following effects of aspect of slopes with their descriptions:
Match the following effects of aspect of slopes with their descriptions:
Match the following descriptions of rainfall to their influencing factors:
Match the following descriptions of rainfall to their influencing factors:
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Study Notes
Winds and Air Masses
- Warm winds increase temperatures in regions they pass over, while cool winds lower temperatures.
- Sea breezes provide a cooling effect on land during hot afternoons.
- Katabatic winds lead to colder temperatures in valleys and at the foot of mountains during the night.
- Descending dry winds, like Fohn and Chinook, create dry conditions on the leeward sides of mountain ranges such as the Alps and Rockies.
- Anabatic winds result in afternoon showers in mountainous areas.
- Winds laden with moisture contribute to significant rainfall.
- Persistent dry winds, like the Harmattan from the Sahara, create desert-like conditions in areas they affect.
- Areas near large water bodies experience increased rainfall due to land breeze effects.
Configuration of Coastline
- Coastal regions aligned with moisture-laden winds, like Mombasa, receive higher rainfall as winds deposit moisture.
- Regions parallel to these winds, such as Lamu, receive less rainfall as moisture is dropped at sea.
Forests
- Forested areas create microclimates with lower temperatures due to shade from trees restricting solar insolation.
- These regions experience heavier rainfall due to increased evapotranspiration and friction between trees and rain-bearing winds.
Human Activities
- Deforestation for agriculture and settlement has led to decreased rainfall and semi-arid conditions.
- Construction of dams and afforestation initiatives have converted some semi-arid areas into wetlands.
- Emissions from burning fossil fuels and chlorofluorocarbons contribute to global warming and ozone layer depletion.
Climate
- Defined as average weather conditions over an extended period, typically 30-35 years.
Factors Influencing Climate
Latitude
- Low latitudes experience higher temperatures, while high latitudes have cooler temperatures due to sun angle.
- Rainfall patterns are dictated by latitude, with equatorial regions receiving rain in two seasons and tropical areas having single rainy seasons when the sun is positioned overhead.
Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
- A low-pressure belt at the equator where trade winds collide; it affects rainfall patterns.
- Areas farther from the equator generally have one rainy season and a long dry period, while equatorial regions experience two periods of significant rainfall.
Altitude
- Low altitudes have higher temperatures; high altitudes experience cooler temperatures due to atmospheric thickness and heat retention.
- Mountains intercept rain-bearing winds, resulting in orographic rainfall, with windward slopes receiving more precipitation than leeward slopes.
Distance from the Sea
- Coastal regions in temperate zones enjoy cooler summer temperatures due to onshore winds from colder ocean water.
- Conversely, they experience warmer winters as sea breezes carry warmer air to the land.
- Interior continental regions face extreme temperatures, getting very hot in summer and frigid in winter due to lack of ocean influence.
- Coastal areas receive significant rainfall during onshore winds, whereas interior areas often receive less due to moisture depletion along the wind path.
Ocean Currents
- Warm ocean currents warm the coasts they touch, affecting air temperature; cold currents cool coastal areas.
- Warm currents lead to heavy rainfall in coastal regions through the warming of moist onshore winds.
- Cold currents result in minimal coastal rainfall as cooler moist winds lose moisture before reaching land, contributing to desert conditions like the Kalahari and Namib.
Aspect
- Refers to the direction of slopes concerning sunlight and rain-bearing winds, affecting regional temperatures.
- In the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, sun-facing slopes are warmer, while those in shadow are cooler.
- Windward slopes receive more rainfall compared to leeward slopes due to their exposure to rain-bearing winds.
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