Windows Fundamentals Quiz

Administrative Information

• Safety requirements include knowledge of emergency exits and how to contact emergency services.
• Risk assessment categorizes the risk level as low.
• Emphasis on environmentally friendly practices: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.
• Daily quizzes evaluate understanding and retention of class material.
• Course content is classified as unclassified and open for general dissemination.

TLO Knowledge and Skills

• Students must engage with classroom resources, practical exercises, and IT equipment.
• Key competencies include Windows authentication, user/group management, and file system organization.

Objectives

• Understand Windows Authentication and its importance for resource access verification.
• Familiarity with user/group management and associated permissions.
• Grasp the structure of file systems and directory organization.
• Competence in using Command Line Interfaces (CLI) and PowerShell commands.

Windows Authentication

• A secure process for verifying user identities via different methods.
• Password-based authentication compares user-provided passwords with stored hashes.

File/File Systems

• A file is a collection of data, which can include various types such as text, images, or programs.
• File systems manage how data is named, stored, organized, and accessed.
• Common Windows file systems include FAT (File Allocation Table) and NTFS (New Technology File System).

FAT File System

• Originated in 1977; adapted for various storage media.
• Uses a table to track file locations, with versions named after their bit representation (FAT12, FAT16, FAT32).
• Maximum file size for FAT32 is approximately 4 GB.

ExFAT File System

• Developed for larger storage needs and used in USBs/removable media.
• Supports file sizes over 4 GB and storage media up to 256 TB.
• Lacks robust security features compared to NTFS and offers limited recovery options.

Authorization and Access Control

• Authorization determines the level of user access to system resources.
• Discretionary Access Control Lists (DACL) are used for file and directory permissions in modern Windows OS.

Windows Command Line

• The Command Prompt is a text-based interface for executing commands and scripts in Windows.
• Access the command line via Start > Run or by searching for "cmd."

Basic Commands

• dir: Lists directory contents.
• cd: Changes the current directory.
• copy: Copies files.
• move: Moves files.
• del: Deletes files.
• mkdir: Creates new directories.
• rmdir: Removes directories.
• ipconfig: Displays TCP/IP network configuration.
• cls: Clears the terminal screen.
• exit: Closes the command prompt.

Process Baseline

• Establishes standard performance metrics for system processes.
• Baselines aid in identifying anomalies within normal operations.
• Effective monitoring and evaluation rely on keeping an updated system baseline.

Concurrency

• Refers to managing multiple processes/tasks simultaneously for better resource utilization.
• Concepts include multitasking, multithreading, and parallel processing.
• Benefits include improved responsiveness and resource utilization.

Race Conditions

• Occur when processes rely on the order of execution of others.
• Two types of race conditions: software and hardware-related.

Exceptions and Trap Handling

• Exceptions disrupt normal process flow; trap handling is managing software-generated interrupts.

Device Drivers

• Enable the operating system to communicate with hardware components effectively.

PowerShell Commands

• Get-Help: Displays cmdlet help information.
• Get-Command: Lists all available cmdlets and functions.
• Get-Process: Retrieves running processes on a system.
• New-Item: Creates new files or directories.
• Copy-Item: Copies items between locations.
• Remove-Item: Deletes specified files or directories.

Test your knowledge and skills in Windows Fundamentals with this quiz. It covers essential concepts, administrative information, safety requirements, and environmental conditions pertinent to IT environments. Ensure you're up to date on necessary practices for a safe and efficient workspace.