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Questions and Answers
What is the reduced wind pressure for structures less than 30 m after the 1971 amendment?
What is the reduced wind pressure for structures less than 30 m after the 1971 amendment?
In the measurement of spans, where should measurements be taken on curves for an odd number of tracks?
In the measurement of spans, where should measurements be taken on curves for an odd number of tracks?
Which zone has the highest standard wind pressure for new works?
Which zone has the highest standard wind pressure for new works?
What percentage of the projected area is used for calculating wind loading for fabricated structures?
What percentage of the projected area is used for calculating wind loading for fabricated structures?
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What should be checked for the safety of masts and portals according to the specified conditions?
What should be checked for the safety of masts and portals according to the specified conditions?
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What is the maximum influence on the span length due to conditions in overhead equipment erection?
What is the maximum influence on the span length due to conditions in overhead equipment erection?
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What is the prescribed method for accurately measuring spans?
What is the prescribed method for accurately measuring spans?
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Which drawing number corresponds to conventional Over Head Equipment (OHE) standards?
Which drawing number corresponds to conventional Over Head Equipment (OHE) standards?
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What profile is adopted for conductor loading calculations?
What profile is adopted for conductor loading calculations?
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What is the fundamental aim of the design of overhead equipment?
What is the fundamental aim of the design of overhead equipment?
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What type of bond is used to connect two rails of a track?
What type of bond is used to connect two rails of a track?
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Which component keeps the overhead catenary system in position?
Which component keeps the overhead catenary system in position?
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What is the purpose of a rail bond used for maintaining continuity?
What is the purpose of a rail bond used for maintaining continuity?
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What structural member is insulated from the mast by a stay arm insulator?
What structural member is insulated from the mast by a stay arm insulator?
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Which type of rail bond is specifically designed for electric traction in ac track circuited sections?
Which type of rail bond is specifically designed for electric traction in ac track circuited sections?
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Which features should be considered when preparing layout plans for overhead equipment?
Which features should be considered when preparing layout plans for overhead equipment?
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What is the maximum speed for which a short neutral section of ceramic beaded resin bonded glass fibre rod insulators is considered fit?
What is the maximum speed for which a short neutral section of ceramic beaded resin bonded glass fibre rod insulators is considered fit?
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What is the minimum distance a neutral section should be located from a stop signal?
What is the minimum distance a neutral section should be located from a stop signal?
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If a neutral section is placed before a stop signal, what is the required distance to ensure the train does not cross the signal?
If a neutral section is placed before a stop signal, what is the required distance to ensure the train does not cross the signal?
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In which scenario can a different arrangement for neutral section location be directed by the Chief Electrical Engineer?
In which scenario can a different arrangement for neutral section location be directed by the Chief Electrical Engineer?
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What is the primary type of equipment recommended for points and crossings?
What is the primary type of equipment recommended for points and crossings?
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What is the maximum length difference allowed between two consecutive spans on main tracks?
What is the maximum length difference allowed between two consecutive spans on main tracks?
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What should the axial distance between the Catenary and the contact wire at the minimum dropper not be less than when lengths of spans have unequal encumbrances?
What should the axial distance between the Catenary and the contact wire at the minimum dropper not be less than when lengths of spans have unequal encumbrances?
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Which of the following is a type of mast used for OHE conductors?
Which of the following is a type of mast used for OHE conductors?
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In the vicinity of over line structures, spans should be determined with reference to what?
In the vicinity of over line structures, spans should be determined with reference to what?
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What is the restriction for anchor spans when using crossed type equipment at facing turnouts?
What is the restriction for anchor spans when using crossed type equipment at facing turnouts?
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Which of the following types of masts can be used in lieu of K-Series masts?
Which of the following types of masts can be used in lieu of K-Series masts?
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What is the maximum span over level crossings where an earth wire is provided?
What is the maximum span over level crossings where an earth wire is provided?
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How many types of masts are designated for use in OHE installations?
How many types of masts are designated for use in OHE installations?
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Which of the following is NOT a stated condition for determining span lengths with unequal encumbrances?
Which of the following is NOT a stated condition for determining span lengths with unequal encumbrances?
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What is the maximum length for spans loaded with section insulators according to the mentioned restrictions?
What is the maximum length for spans loaded with section insulators according to the mentioned restrictions?
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What determines the bearing capacity of the soil for foundation placement?
What determines the bearing capacity of the soil for foundation placement?
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Which type of foundation is specifically mentioned for black cotton soil?
Which type of foundation is specifically mentioned for black cotton soil?
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How does placing a foundation on the slope of banks affect bearing capacity?
How does placing a foundation on the slope of banks affect bearing capacity?
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What is the primary function of volume charts in foundation selection?
What is the primary function of volume charts in foundation selection?
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Which of the following foundation types is designed specifically for use in hard rock?
Which of the following foundation types is designed specifically for use in hard rock?
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What should be ensured when constructing foundations in deep rock cutting?
What should be ensured when constructing foundations in deep rock cutting?
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What is the bearing capacity of foundations in soft rock?
What is the bearing capacity of foundations in soft rock?
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Which type of foundation does NOT fall under the category for OHE mast and portals?
Which type of foundation does NOT fall under the category for OHE mast and portals?
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What is indicated by the drawing number ETI/C/0058?
What is indicated by the drawing number ETI/C/0058?
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What characteristic does a 'New pure gravity foundation' for black cotton soil have?
What characteristic does a 'New pure gravity foundation' for black cotton soil have?
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What is the maximum stagger of the contact wire at supports on curved tracks?
What is the maximum stagger of the contact wire at supports on curved tracks?
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How is the stagger of the catenary determined on curved track?
How is the stagger of the catenary determined on curved track?
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What is the stagger limit for the contact wire of the branching line at turnouts?
What is the stagger limit for the contact wire of the branching line at turnouts?
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What is the stagger requirement for un-insulated overlaps on tangent track?
What is the stagger requirement for un-insulated overlaps on tangent track?
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In which situation is stagger at mid-span allowed to exceed permissible values?
In which situation is stagger at mid-span allowed to exceed permissible values?
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What is the minimum required height for the broad gauge to allow movement of 'C' class ODCs without lifting wires?
What is the minimum required height for the broad gauge to allow movement of 'C' class ODCs without lifting wires?
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What is the maximum allowed difference in height of the contact wire at two adjacent supports?
What is the maximum allowed difference in height of the contact wire at two adjacent supports?
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What is the maximum gradient allowed for a change in contact wire height on main lines?
What is the maximum gradient allowed for a change in contact wire height on main lines?
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What is the minimum height of contact wire required at electric locomotive sheds for broad gauge?
What is the minimum height of contact wire required at electric locomotive sheds for broad gauge?
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What provision should be made for possible future lifting of track according to the specifications?
What provision should be made for possible future lifting of track according to the specifications?
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What stagger distance is typically given to the contact wire on tangent track?
What stagger distance is typically given to the contact wire on tangent track?
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What is the maximum gradient that can be tolerated for contact wire on sidings?
What is the maximum gradient that can be tolerated for contact wire on sidings?
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What is the minimum height at level crossings for both broad and metre gauges?
What is the minimum height at level crossings for both broad and metre gauges?
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What maximum tolerance is allowed for height measurements at a point of support near an over bridge?
What maximum tolerance is allowed for height measurements at a point of support near an over bridge?
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What is the maximum height that can be reduced if rolling stock higher than 4.265 m is not allowed on the lines?
What is the maximum height that can be reduced if rolling stock higher than 4.265 m is not allowed on the lines?
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What is the primary purpose of maintaining electrical continuity in rail bonds?
What is the primary purpose of maintaining electrical continuity in rail bonds?
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Which structural member is specified to support the overhead catenary system without interfering with the pantograph?
Which structural member is specified to support the overhead catenary system without interfering with the pantograph?
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Which type of rail bond is particularly utilized to bridge an insulated joint in AC track circuits?
Which type of rail bond is particularly utilized to bridge an insulated joint in AC track circuits?
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In terms of structural integrity, what is the significance of the stay arm insulator in the cantilever assembly?
In terms of structural integrity, what is the significance of the stay arm insulator in the cantilever assembly?
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What defines the optimal working height for the contact wire in overhead equipment design?
What defines the optimal working height for the contact wire in overhead equipment design?
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Which of the following statements accurately reflects the principles for layout plans in overhead equipment design?
Which of the following statements accurately reflects the principles for layout plans in overhead equipment design?
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What is the function of the bond structure in relation to overhead equipment?
What is the function of the bond structure in relation to overhead equipment?
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What is the primary role of a paralleling interruptor in overhead equipment systems?
What is the primary role of a paralleling interruptor in overhead equipment systems?
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Which of the following accurately describes a jumper?
Which of the following accurately describes a jumper?
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What defines a neutral section in overhead equipment?
What defines a neutral section in overhead equipment?
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In what condition is an overlap arrangement used in overhead equipment?
In what condition is an overlap arrangement used in overhead equipment?
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What is the main function of masts in an overhead equipment system?
What is the main function of masts in an overhead equipment system?
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What characterizes insulated overlaps in overhead equipment?
What characterizes insulated overlaps in overhead equipment?
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Which statement accurately describes the function of the pantograph?
Which statement accurately describes the function of the pantograph?
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What is the role of the sectioning interruptor within an overhead equipment system?
What is the role of the sectioning interruptor within an overhead equipment system?
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Which of the following best defines overhead equipment (OHE)?
Which of the following best defines overhead equipment (OHE)?
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What drawing number should be referred to for selecting masts in light wind pressure conditions for Composite OHE?
What drawing number should be referred to for selecting masts in light wind pressure conditions for Composite OHE?
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What is the permissible maximum span for masts in the medium wind pressure zone?
What is the permissible maximum span for masts in the medium wind pressure zone?
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For structures on long bridges exceeding 150 m, what wind pressure should not be reduced due to height?
For structures on long bridges exceeding 150 m, what wind pressure should not be reduced due to height?
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Which drawing number pertains to the permissible bending moments for masts?
Which drawing number pertains to the permissible bending moments for masts?
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Which catenary type must be used in applications with a 1000 tension in each conductor?
Which catenary type must be used in applications with a 1000 tension in each conductor?
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What is the maximum reduction of the wind pressure factor allowed within 100 m of a bridge abutment?
What is the maximum reduction of the wind pressure factor allowed within 100 m of a bridge abutment?
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On which drawing is the standard setting distance specified for mast employment schedules?
On which drawing is the standard setting distance specified for mast employment schedules?
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What is the purpose of separate mast employment schedules?
What is the purpose of separate mast employment schedules?
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What is the effective wind pressure for heavy wind pressure zones for designing masts?
What is the effective wind pressure for heavy wind pressure zones for designing masts?
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What type of OHE is designated for masts under heavy wind pressure at 150 kgf/m2?
What type of OHE is designated for masts under heavy wind pressure at 150 kgf/m2?
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Study Notes
Overhead Equipment Principles
- These principles standardize overhead equipment layout plans for railway electrification projects.
- Some principles are obligatory, others are best practice solutions based on cost and technical merit.
- Overhead equipment design prioritizes installing the contact wire at the correct height for pantograph operation.
Definitions
-
Bond: An electrical connection across a rail joint.
- Bond, continuity: Maintains rail circuit continuity at crossings and junctions.
- Bond, cross: Connects rails on a single or adjacent track.
- Bond, impedance: Used to bridge insulated rail joints in AC traction tracks.
- Bond, rail: An electrical connection between adjacent rail sections as part of the track circuit.
- Bond, structure: Connects track structure and the overhead equipment to the track return circuit.
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Cantilever (assembly): An insulated, swiveling structural member supporting the overhead catenary system.
- It facilitates current collection by the pantograph.
- Made of steel tubes with various sizes.
- Stay arm, with adjuster, keeps the bracket in place and insulates it from the mast.
- Bracket tube, keeps the catenary supported.
- Standardizes current collection by the pantograph at all speeds without obstructing the structural members.
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Other terms in the document are from General and Subsidiary Rules / ac Traction Manual; these have standard meanings unless stated otherwise.
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Crossings: Electrically live members crossing each other without physical contact.
- Power line crossing: An electrical transmission or distribution line crossing the tracks.
- Crossing OHE: Intersection of two OHE conductors without physical contact.
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Dropper: A fitting that supports the contact wire from the catenary.
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Electrical Clearance: Distance in air between live equipment and the nearest earthed part.
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Encumbrance: The axial distance in the vertical plane between the catenary and contact wire at its mounting support.
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Feeder: A conductor that connects a substation/feeding post to the overhead equipment (OHE).
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Height of contact wire: The distance from rail level to the under-side of the contact wire.
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Interrupter: A single-phase vacuum SF/oil circuit breaker utilized as a load switch, closing circuits during faults but not opening them.
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Bridging Interrupter: An interrupter positioned in the neutral section to provide a feed from one substation to the OHE during emergencies or if the other substation is out of use.
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Jumper: A conductor or arrangement of conductors enabling electrical continuity between electrical conductors or equipment.
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Mast: A vertical support structure for overhead equipment (typically fabricated or rolled sections).
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Neutral Section: A short, insulated section of OHE separating sectors of power fed by distinct substations.
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Overlap: A structure wherein two sets of conductors run parallel for short distances to avoid pantograph interference.
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Pantograph: A device on trains that collects electricity from OHE contact wires.
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Return Conductor: The conductor that returns current from the tracks to the substation.
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Regulating Equipment: A device maintaining constant OHE conductor tension regardless of varying temperatures.
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Setting Distance: The horizontal distance from the nearest traction mast face to the centre line of the track.
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Span: The distance between adjacent supporting masts of overhead equipment lines.
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Stagger: The horizontal distance of the contact wire from the vertical plane through the centre of the track.
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Section Insulator: A device insulating portions of the contact wire for maintaining continuous electrical current flow while isolating different portions of the wire.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the calculations and standards related to wind pressure on structures, especially those under 30 meters, after the 1971 amendment. It will address specific questions about span measurements and safety checks necessary for masts and overhead equipment. Test your knowledge on wind loading calculations and related standards!
