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Physics = Natural science of matter Physicist = Scientist specializing in physics Astronomy = Study of celestial objects and phenomena Energy = Ability to do work

Branches of Physics = Different fields within physics Matter = Substance that has mass and occupies space Force = Influence that causes an object to accelerate Space-Time = Conceptual model combining space and time

Fundamental Constituents of Matter = Basic building blocks of matter Goal of Physics = Understanding the behavior of the universe Research in Physics = Investigation into natural phenomena Relation to Astronomy = Connection between physics and celestial bodies

<p>Index in Physics = Organized list of topics Glossary in Physics = Definition list of terms History of Physics = Timeline of significant events Physics Portal = Gateway to physics-related resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ibn al-Haytham = Camera obscura experiments John Philoponus = Questioned Aristotle's teaching of physics Jean Buridan = Developed the concept of impetus Galileo Galilei = Cited Philoponus in arguing against Aristotelian physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Impetus theory = John Philoponus Inertia and momentum = Jean Buridan Scientific method = Islamic scholars during the Golden Age Metaphysics as 'first philosophy' = Aristotle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fire = Top of the atmosphere Air = Underneath fire Water = Below air Earth = At the bottom</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Alteration = Change in category or quality of an object Substance change = Change in matter Motion continuum = Belief that motion is continuous First philosophy = Study of 'being as being'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physics = Biophysics Chemistry = Quantum chemistry Biology = Genetics Mathematics = Calculus</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Television = Understanding of electromagnetism Computers = Solid-state physics Domestic appliances = Thermodynamics Nuclear weapons = Nuclear physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constellations = Represented gods Celestial bodies = Motions of stars and planets Predictive knowledge = Early civilizations Great circles across the sky = Traverse of stars</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sumerians = Awareness of Sun and Moon motions Ancient Egyptians = Foundational observations for later astronomy Indus Valley Civilisation = Basic predictive knowledge Mesopotamia = Origins of Western astronomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thales = Every event had a natural cause Leucippus and Democritus = Atomism theory Pre-Socratic philosophers = Ideas verified by reason and observation Isidore of Miletus = Compilation of Archimedes' works</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physics = 'Study of nature' in Latin Phusikḗ = 'Natural science' in Greek Phúsis = 'Origin, nature, property' in Greek Astronomy = 'Celestial objects' in Greek</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acoustics = Study of sound production and transmission Optics = Study of light and electromagnetic radiation phenomena Thermodynamics = Deals with heat and its relationship to energy forms Electricity and Magnetism = Study of electric charges, currents, and magnetic fields</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statics = Study of forces on bodies not subject to acceleration Kinematics = Study of motion without considering its causes Dynamics = Study of motion and the forces affecting it Fluid Mechanics = Branch including hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, aerodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atomic and Nuclear Physics = Study of matter at the smallest scale for identifying chemical elements Elementary Particles Physics = Concerned with the most basic units of matter at high energies High-Energy Physics = Branch studying extremely high energy levels in particle accelerators Space, Time, Matter, Energy = Commonsense notions no longer valid at very small scales</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chaos Theory = Aspect of classical mechanics discovered in the 20th century Classical Mechanics = Concerned with bodies in motion and forces acting on them Quantum Mechanics = Deals with behavior of matter and energy under extreme conditions Special Relativity = Theory involving space, time, matter, and energy interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Max Planck = Quantum theory Albert Einstein = Theory of relativity Werner Heisenberg = Pioneered quantum mechanics Erwin Schrödinger = Contributed to quantum mechanics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Special relativity = Corrected the speed of light dependency on the observer's motion Quantum mechanics = Improved physics at very small scales Black-body radiation = Problem that led to Planck's proposal Photoelectric effect = Led to discrete energy levels prediction of electron orbitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mathematics = Study of probabilities and groups Philosophy = Involves issues like determinism and metaphysical outlooks Standard Model of particle physics = Derived from early work in related fields Supersymmetry = Active area of research beyond the Standard Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thales = First attempt to characterize matter Democritus = Deduction about matter reducing to an invariant state Aristotle = 'Physics' book attempting to analyze motion philosophically Ptolemy = Crystalline firmament astronomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Laplace = Championed causal determinism Erwin Schrödinger = Wrote on quantum mechanics' philosophical implications Roger Penrose = Called a Platonist by Stephen Hawking Stephen Hawking = Referred to himself as an 'unashamed reductionist'</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A priori reasoning = Employed in scientific method for advancing knowledge A posteriori reasoning = Used alongside a priori reasoning in scientific method Bayesian inference = Measures the validity of a given theory Philosophy of science = Relied upon by physics to advance knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ibn al-Haytham = The Book of Optics Isaac Newton = Laws of motion and universal gravitation Johannes Kepler = Laws governing the motion of planetary bodies Galileo Galilei = Pioneering work on telescopes and observational astronomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Newton's laws of motion = Describe the relationship between the motion of an object and the forces acting on it Kepler's laws = Governs the motion of planetary bodies around the Sun Thermodynamics laws = Study energy transfer and transformation in physical systems Law of universal gravitation = Describes the attraction between objects with mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Camera obscura = Ibn al-Haytham Calculus = Isaac Newton Classical physics = Galileo Galilei Quantum mechanics = Developed in the 20th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Heliocentric model = Sun-centered model of the Solar System Camera obscura = Ancient version of a pinhole camera Calculus = Mathematical study of continuous change Laws of motion = Describe how objects move when acted upon by forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ibn al-Haytham = The Book of Optics Isaac Newton = Treatise on Light Johannes Kepler = Book of Optics (Kitab al-Manathir) Galileo Galilei = The Book of Optics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Isaac Newton = Universal gravitation Kepler = Laws governing planetary motion Thermodynamics laws = Energy transfer and transformation studies Quantum mechanics = Modern physics development in the 20th century</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Albert Einstein = Special theory of relativity Werner Heisenberg = Quantum mechanics Max Planck = Quantum mechanics Erwin Schrödinger = Quantum field theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Classical mechanics = Approximates nature as continuous Quantum theory = Concerned with discrete nature at atomic level Special theory of relativity = Motion in absence of gravitational fields General relativity = Dynamical, curved spacetime</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Causality = Fundamental concept in modern physics Action = Physical field Symmetry Physical interaction Quantum Wave Particle Difference = Statistical ensemble Quantum Wave Particle Difference Covariance = Symmetry Physical interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mathematics = Provides compact and exact language used to describe order in nature Chemistry = Physics is used in chemistry Cosmology = Physics is used in cosmology Computation = Technologies based on mathematics have made computational physics active area of research</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Albert Einstein = Solvay Conference of 1927 Niels Bohr = Solvay Conference of 1927 Marie Curie = Solvay Conference of 1927 Paul Dirac = Solvay Conference of 1927</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical field Symmetry Physical interaction = Fundamental concepts in modern physics Statistical ensemble Quantum Wave Particle Difference = Fundamental concepts in modern physics Difference = Fundamental concepts in modern physics Symmetry Physical interaction = Fundamental concepts in modern physics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Classical mechanics = &gt; Atomic scale and slow motions Quantum theory = &lt; Atomic and subatomic scales Special theory of relativity = &gt; Speed of light and motion without gravitational fields General relativity = &lt; Highly massive systems and large-scale structure of universe</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Max Planck = Introduced quantum mechanics Erwin Schrödinger = Unified quantum mechanics and special relativity Niels Bohr = - Werner Heisenberg = -</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Special theory of relativity and quantum mechanics = - General relativity and quantum gravity theories = - Quantum field theory and special relativity = - Classical mechanics and quantum theory = -</p> Signup and view all the answers