Wide Area Networks (WAN)

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of a Wide Area Network (WAN)?

  • Primarily connects devices within a single building
  • Spans a large geographical area (correct)
  • Offers very high bandwidth speeds exclusively
  • Is typically managed by an individual or home user

A private WAN connection is typically provided over the public internet, offering guaranteed security.

False (B)

What is a primary benefit of a dual-homed WAN topology?

  • Enhanced network redundancy and load balancing. (correct)
  • Elimination of additional networking hardware requirements.
  • Simplified network configurations.
  • Reduced implementation costs compared to single-homed.

What agreement outlines the expected services for WAN reliability and availability between an organization and a service provider?

<p>Service Level Agreement (SLA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a company choose to evolve its network from a simple LAN to a WAN?

<p>To support business growth and expansion to multiple locations. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Modern WAN standards primarily focus on the application and session layers of the OSI model.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In WAN terminology, the physical location that separates customer equipment from the service provider's equipment is called the ______.

<p>Demarcation Point</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following WAN terms with their descriptions:

<p>DTE (Data Terminal Equipment) = Connects subscriber LANs to WAN communication device. DCE (Data Communications Equipment) = Device used to communicate with the provider. CPE (Customer Premises Equipment) = DTE and DCE devices at the enterprise edge. POP (Point-of-Presence) = Point where the subscriber connects to the service provider network.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a CSU/DSU in a WAN environment?

<p>To connect a digital device to a digital leased line. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parallel communication is typically used for long-distance WAN connections due to its superior synchronization over long cable lengths.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of communication establishes a dedicated circuit between endpoints before data transmission?

<p>Circuit-switched (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name two common types of packet-switched WAN technologies.

<p>Ethernet WAN (Metro Ethernet) and Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) in fiber-optic networks?

<p>To increase the data-carrying capacity by using different wavelengths of light. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Leased lines offer variable bandwidth that dynamically adjusts to match current traffic needs.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In traditional WAN connectivity, T-carrier systems, used primarily in North America, provide T1 links with bandwidth up to ______ Mbps.

<p>1.544</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following WAN technologies with their geographical region of primary use:

<p>T-carrier = North America E-carrier = Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)?

<p>It enables the PSTN local loop to carry digital signals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Frame Relay is a modern WAN technology preferred for high-bandwidth applications due to its advanced capabilities.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metro Ethernet is replacing many ______ WAN options.

<p>traditional</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)?

<p>a routing technology to interconnect clients regardless of access (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an advantage of internet-based broadband connections?

<p>Lower implementation cost and global reach. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of wired internet-based connectivity uses existing twisted-pair telephone lines?

<p>Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)</p> Signup and view all the answers

DSL upload speeds are typically higher than download speeds.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The international standard for adding high-bandwidth data to an existing cable system is known as ______.

<p>DOCSIS</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following Fiber to the x (FTTx) terms with their descriptions:

<p>Fiber to the Home (FTTH) = Fiber reaches the boundary of the residence. Fiber to the Building (FTTB) = Fiber reaches the boundary of the building. Fiber to the Node/Neighborhood (FTTN) = Optical cabling reaches an optical node.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential drawback of using satellite internet?

<p>Limited capacity and potential signal disruption from trees or rain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

VPNs provide an unencrypted connection between private networks across the internet.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the difference between site-to-site and remote access VPNs.

<p>Site-to-site VPNs are configured on routers and are transparent to clients, whereas remote access VPNs involve user awareness and initiation of the connection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ ISP connectivity option offers no redundancy and is the least expensive solution.

<p>single-homed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following ISP connectivity options with their redundancy capabilities:

<p>Single-homed = No redundancy. Dual-homed = Redundancy within the same ISP. Multihomed = Redundancy with different ISPs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a significant disadvantage of Cable broadband connections?

<p>Bandwidth shared by many users, leading to slower speeds during peak hours. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A fully meshed topology connects all sites in a network using a single virtual circuit.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a 'partially meshed' WAN topology?

<p>Some sites are directly connected, but not all. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason an organization might choose a dual-carrier WAN connection?

<p>To increase network redundancy and availability. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The backhaul network in a WAN includes long-haul, all-digital, fiber-optic communication lines.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Regarding WAN devices, what is the main function of an optical converter?

<p>Connecting fiber-optic media to copper media. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A company has grown from a small local operation to a global enterprise with offices around the world. Besides using site-to-site VPNs, what kind of network technology enables employees to connect easily and securely to the corporate network?

<p>Remote Access VPNs</p> Signup and view all the answers

In cable broadband technology, the ______ contains the databases needed to provide internet access while the CMTS manages communication with cable modems.

<p>headend</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the descriptions to the different roles an MPLS router can serve:

<p>Customer Edge (CE) Router = Sits at the edge of a customer's network and connects to the service provider's MPLS network Provider Edge (PE) Router = Located at the edge of the service provider's network and performs label switching and forwarding Internal Provider (P) Router = Resides within the service provider's network and performs label switching to efficiently route traffic</p> Signup and view all the answers

Metro Ethernet is commonly used to replace older WAN technologies, serial point-to-point links, Frame Relay, and ATM WAN links.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

WAN (Wide Area Network)

Network spans large geographical area, connecting beyond LAN.

LAN Definition

A network that provides services within a small geographical area.

Data Terminal Equipment (DTE)

Connects subscriber LANs to WAN; communicates with the provider.

Data Communications Equipment (DCE)

Device to communicate with the service provider.

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Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)

Subscriber-side DTE and DCE devices.

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Point-of-Presence (POP)

Subscriber connects here to the service provider's network.

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Demarcation Point

Building location separating CPE from provider equipment.

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Local Loop (Last Mile)

Copper or fiber connecting CPE to provider's CO.

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Central Office (CO)

Facility that connects customer CPE to the provider network.

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Toll Network

Includes backhaul, long-haul, fiber, switches, inside WAN provider network.

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Backhaul Network

Connects access nodes within the service provider's network.

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Backbone Network

High-capacity networks to interconnect service provider networks.

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Voiceband Modem

Uses telephone lines; a legacy device.

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DSL/Cable Modem

Broadband modems connect to a DTE router using Ethernet.

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CSU/DSU

Digital-leased lines need these, Connecting digital device to digital line.

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Optical Converter

Connects fiber-optic to copper, converting optical signals.

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Wireless Router/Access Point

Connects wirelessly to a WAN provider.

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WAN Core Devices

WAN backbone with high-speed routers & Layer 3 switches.

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Serial Communication

Data bits sent sequentially over a single channel

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Point-to-Point Topology

WAN topologies, point-to-point circuit between two endpoints.

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Hub-and-Spoke Topology

Single Hub to multiple Spokes

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Dual-Homed Topology

WAN topology offering redundancy and load balancing.

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Fully Meshed Topology

All sites are interconnected with virtual circuits; most fault-tolerant.

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Partially Meshed Topology

Connects many, but not all sites.

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Private WAN

Connection dedicated to a single customer.

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Public WAN

From an ISP, using the internet, may vary & no guaranteed security

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Single-Carrier Connection

An organization connects to only one service provider.

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Dual-Carrier Connection

Redundancy by using two different service providers.

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SDH Definition

Global standard for data over fiber-optic cable.

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SONET Definition

North American standard providing similar services

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DWDM Definition

Increases data capacity of SDH/SONET via multiple wavelengths.

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Leased Lines

Pay monthly fee, fixed capacity/bandwidth.

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Leased Line Simplicity

Point-to-point communication links require minimal expertise.

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T-Carrier Specs

T1 supports bandwidth up to 1.544 Mbps

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E-Carrier Specs

E1 links bandwidth up to 2.048 Mbps.

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Dialup WAN

Uses PSTN as WAN with voiceband modem.

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ISDN Definition

Circuit-switching, PSTN local loop carrying digital signals.

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Frame Relay Definition

Simple Layer 2 NBMA WAN for interconnecting enterprise LANs.

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PPP explained

Used a Layer 2 protocol for broadband DSL connections.

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