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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of a neutrophil? (Choose all that apply)
What is the primary function of a neutrophil? (Choose all that apply)
Which type of white blood cell is increased during parasitic and allergic reactions?
Which type of white blood cell is increased during parasitic and allergic reactions?
Basophils are the most common type of white blood cell.
Basophils are the most common type of white blood cell.
False
What are the functions of monocytes?
What are the functions of monocytes?
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What are the two types of lymphocytes involved in the immune response?
What are the two types of lymphocytes involved in the immune response?
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Which of the following blood vessels is responsible for the exchange of nutrients and waste materials between blood and tissue cells?
Which of the following blood vessels is responsible for the exchange of nutrients and waste materials between blood and tissue cells?
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What is the innermost layer of arteries and veins called?
What is the innermost layer of arteries and veins called?
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Which layer of blood vessels is responsible for the regulation of blood vessel diameter?
Which layer of blood vessels is responsible for the regulation of blood vessel diameter?
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Match the features to the correct type of blood vessel:
Match the features to the correct type of blood vessel:
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Study Notes
White Blood Cells (WBCs)
- WBCs are crucial components of the immune system.
- Classified into two broad categories: granulocytes and agranulocytes.
Granulocytes
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Neutrophils (50-70% of WBCs):
- Nucleus: Multilobed
- Granules: Pale-pink
- Function: Phagocytic; first responders to bacterial infections.
-
Eosinophils (2-4% of WBCs):
- Nucleus: Often bilobed
- Granules: Orange-red/bright-red
- Function: Phagocytic; increased during parasitic infections and allergic reactions.
-
Basophils (0.5-1% of WBCs):
- Nucleus: Indistinct lobes
- Granules: Blue/purple
- Function: Release histamine and heparin when reacting to foreign substances; histamine causes blood vessel dilation and leakage, heparin prevents clotting.
Agranulocytes
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Monocytes (3-8% of WBCs):
- Nucleus: Round, kidney-shaped, or horseshoe-shaped
- Cytoplasm: More abundant than lymphocytes
- Function: Transform into macrophages; phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, cell fragments and present processed substances to lymphocytes for activation.
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Lymphocytes (20-25% of WBCs):
- Nucleus: Round; small cytoplasm
- Function: Central to the immune response. Two main types:
- B lymphocytes: Originate in bone marrow, mature in lymphoid tissue. Produce antibodies.
- T lymphocytes: Associated with thymus gland; involved in immune responses.
Leukopoiesis
- The production of WBCs
Blood Vessels
- Blood vessels are passageways for blood to reach tissues.
- Three primary types: arteries, veins, capillaries.
Arteries
- Function: Carry blood away from the heart (except the pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood).
-
Features:
- Smaller lumen (central channel)
- Thicker walls
- Can stretch and recoil
- Lumen appearance: Circular
- Layers (Tunics): tunica intima (innermost), tunica media (middle, smooth muscle), tunica adventitia (outermost, connective tissue).
Veins
- Function: Carry blood towards the heart (except the pulmonary vein, which carries oxygenated blood).
-
Features:
- Larger lumen
- Thinner walls
- Valves present preventing backflow
- Lumen appearance in cross-section: Collapsed
- Layers(Tunics): tunica intima (innermost), tunica media (middle, smooth muscle), tunica adventitia (outermost, connective tissue).
- Blood flow: Oozes
Capillaries
- Function: Exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and tissue cells.
-
Structure:
- Single layer of endothelium (simple squamous epithelium) and loose connective tissue.
- Thin walls for efficient diffusion.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential functions and classifications of white blood cells (WBCs), including granulocytes and agranulocytes. Learn about the different types of WBCs, their characteristics, and their roles in the immune system.
