White Blood Cells Overview
9 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of a neutrophil? (Choose all that apply)

  • Increased during parasitic and allergic reactions
  • Active phagocytes (phagocytizes microorganisms and other substances) (correct)
  • Responds quickly to bacterial infection (correct)
  • Chemically attracted to sites of inflammation (correct)

Which type of white blood cell is increased during parasitic and allergic reactions?

  • Basophil
  • Monocyte
  • Eosinophil (correct)
  • Neutrophil

Basophils are the most common type of white blood cell.

False (B)

What are the functions of monocytes?

<p>Monocytes are capable of phagocytosis as they transform into macrophages. They phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, cell fragments, and other debris within the tissues. In addition, macrophages can break down phagocytized foreign substances and present the processed substances to lymphocytes, causing activation of the lymphocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of lymphocytes involved in the immune response?

<p>B cells and T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following blood vessels is responsible for the exchange of nutrients and waste materials between blood and tissue cells?

<p>Capillaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the innermost layer of arteries and veins called?

<p>Tunica intima</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of blood vessels is responsible for the regulation of blood vessel diameter?

<p>Tunica media (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the features to the correct type of blood vessel:

<p>Arteries = Carry blood towards the heart Veins = Carry blood away from the heart Capillaries = Smallest and most numerous</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Neutrophil

A type of white blood cell that is highly mobile and phagocytic, responsible for quickly fighting bacterial infections.

Eosinophil

A type of white blood cell with bilobed nucleus and orange-red granules, involved in fighting parasitic infections and allergic reactions.

Basophil

A type of white blood cell with blue-purple granules, the least abundant WBC, releasing histamine and heparin during inflammation response.

What does histamine do during inflammation?

Histamine causes blood vessels to dilate and leak fluid at the site of inflammation, allowing immune cells to access the area.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What does heparin do during inflammation?

Heparin prevents blood clotting at the site of inflammation, ensuring blood flow for immune cell access.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Monocyte

A type of white blood cell with a kidney-shaped nucleus, the largest WBC, capable of phagocytosis and transforming into macrophages.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Macrophage

A large, phagocytic cell derived from monocytes, involved in clearing debris and presenting antigens to lymphocytes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lymphocyte

A type of white blood cell responsible for specific immune responses, existing as two main types: B cells and T cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

B cell

A type of lymphocyte that originates in bone marrow, matures in lymphoid tissue, and produces antibodies when activated.

Signup and view all the flashcards

T cell

A type of lymphocyte that interacts with the thymus gland and participates in immune responses, often by directly attacking infected cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Leukopoiesis

The process of production and development of white blood cells in the bone marrow.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are the three types of blood vessels?

The three types of blood vessels are arteries, veins, and capillaries, each responsible for transporting blood throughout the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lumen

The central canal within blood vessels through which blood flows.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tunica intima

The innermost layer of arteries and veins, composed of simple squamous epithelium, basement membrane, and connective tissue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tunica media

The middle layer of arteries and veins, composed of smooth muscle cells arranged circularly, responsible for regulating blood vessel diameter.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tunica adventitia

The outermost layer of arteries and veins, composed of connective tissue, providing structural support and connecting to surrounding tissues.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Arteries

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, except for the pulmonary artery, characterized by thicker walls and smaller lumen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Veins

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart, except for the pulmonary vein, characterized by thinner walls, larger lumen and valves.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Capillaries

The smallest and most numerous blood vessels, responsible for exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and tissues, composed only of endothelium.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the primary function of capillaries?

Capillaries are responsible for the exchange of nutrients and waste materials between blood and tissue cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is unique about the structure of capillaries?

Unlike arteries and veins, capillaries lack three tunics and are composed solely of endothelium surrounded by connective tissue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How is blood flow when cutting an artery?

Blood flows in spurts from a cut artery due to its high pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How is blood flow when cutting a vein?

Blood flows in a steady ooze from a cut vein due to its lower pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is the role of valves in veins?

Valves in veins prevent backflow of blood, ensuring its unidirectional movement towards the heart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

White Blood Cells (WBCs)

  • WBCs are crucial components of the immune system.
  • Classified into two broad categories: granulocytes and agranulocytes.

Granulocytes

  • Neutrophils (50-70% of WBCs):
    • Nucleus: Multilobed
    • Granules: Pale-pink
    • Function: Phagocytic; first responders to bacterial infections.
  • Eosinophils (2-4% of WBCs):
    • Nucleus: Often bilobed
    • Granules: Orange-red/bright-red
    • Function: Phagocytic; increased during parasitic infections and allergic reactions.
  • Basophils (0.5-1% of WBCs):
    • Nucleus: Indistinct lobes
    • Granules: Blue/purple
    • Function: Release histamine and heparin when reacting to foreign substances; histamine causes blood vessel dilation and leakage, heparin prevents clotting.

Agranulocytes

  • Monocytes (3-8% of WBCs):
    • Nucleus: Round, kidney-shaped, or horseshoe-shaped
    • Cytoplasm: More abundant than lymphocytes
    • Function: Transform into macrophages; phagocytize bacteria, dead cells, cell fragments and present processed substances to lymphocytes for activation.
  • Lymphocytes (20-25% of WBCs):
    • Nucleus: Round; small cytoplasm
    • Function: Central to the immune response. Two main types:
      • B lymphocytes: Originate in bone marrow, mature in lymphoid tissue. Produce antibodies.
      • T lymphocytes: Associated with thymus gland; involved in immune responses.

Leukopoiesis

  • The production of WBCs

Blood Vessels

  • Blood vessels are passageways for blood to reach tissues.
    • Three primary types: arteries, veins, capillaries.

Arteries

  • Function: Carry blood away from the heart (except the pulmonary artery which carries deoxygenated blood).
  • Features:
    • Smaller lumen (central channel)
    • Thicker walls
    • Can stretch and recoil
  • Lumen appearance: Circular
  • Layers (Tunics): tunica intima (innermost), tunica media (middle, smooth muscle), tunica adventitia (outermost, connective tissue).

Veins

  • Function: Carry blood towards the heart (except the pulmonary vein, which carries oxygenated blood).
  • Features:
    • Larger lumen
    • Thinner walls
    • Valves present preventing backflow
  • Lumen appearance in cross-section: Collapsed
  • Layers(Tunics): tunica intima (innermost), tunica media (middle, smooth muscle), tunica adventitia (outermost, connective tissue).
  • Blood flow: Oozes

Capillaries

  • Function: Exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and tissue cells.
  • Structure:
    • Single layer of endothelium (simple squamous epithelium) and loose connective tissue.
    • Thin walls for efficient diffusion.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Description

This quiz covers the essential functions and classifications of white blood cells (WBCs), including granulocytes and agranulocytes. Learn about the different types of WBCs, their characteristics, and their roles in the immune system.

More Like This

Leukocytes Unleashed
5 questions

Leukocytes Unleashed

DeservingKindness avatar
DeservingKindness
Diapedesis and Leukocytes Quiz
10 questions

Diapedesis and Leukocytes Quiz

DeservingKindness avatar
DeservingKindness
Overview of White Blood Cell Morphology
12 questions

Overview of White Blood Cell Morphology

PowerfulSwaneeWhistle avatar
PowerfulSwaneeWhistle
White Blood Cell Types and Functions
5 questions

White Blood Cell Types and Functions

AgreeableDialect avatar
AgreeableDialect
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser