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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of control in an organization?

  • To create new budgets for each department
  • To eliminate variances in financial reporting
  • To make comparisons between budget and actual achievements (correct)
  • To oversee the performance of all employees

Which type of decision is related to the long-term strategic goals of an organization?

  • Determining which market to enter (correct)
  • Adjusting marketing strategies for the quarter
  • Setting daily sales goals
  • Choosing suppliers for a product line

How is the Gross Profit Margin calculated?

  • Operating Profit x 100 / Total Assets
  • Gross Profit x 100 / Revenue (correct)
  • Gross Profit / Revenue
  • Operating Profit / Revenue

What does Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) measure?

<p>Profit generated for every pound of assets employed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Current Ratio indicate about an organization?

<p>The liquidity of the organization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the Quick Ratio regarded as the acid test?

<p>It removes inventory from current assets (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the Inventory Holding Period?

<p>The average length of time inventory remains unsold (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically included in a budgetary control report?

<p>Commitments and variances against budgets (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes short-term decisions?

<p>They assist with day-to-day operations of the business (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does capital employed represent in the context of ROCE?

<p>Total assets less current liabilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the main disadvantages of decentralised control?

<p>It may reduce consistency across divisions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is typical of a tall organisation?

<p>Higher operational costs due to numerous managers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a flat organisation, which of the following is generally true?

<p>Managers typically have a wide span of control. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the scalar chain is accurate?

<p>It represents the number of management layers in an organisation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does decentralised control empower local managers?

<p>By encouraging them to be more innovative. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a flat organisation?

<p>Quick decision-making processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a negative impact of excessive management in tall organisations?

<p>Increased costs and potential delays in decisions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What effect does decentralised control have on middle management's aspirations?

<p>It prepares them for higher roles through decision-making. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the payables payment period indicate?

<p>The average number of days a business takes to pay its suppliers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by a high gearing ratio?

<p>Lenders may hesitate to provide additional funding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of accurate management information?

<p>Obscure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes primary data from secondary data?

<p>Primary data is collected specifically for the user's purpose. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which accounting type focuses on the preparation of financial reports to aid management?

<p>Management Accounting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of information would HR typically send to the finance department?

<p>Employee working hours and salary details (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of primary data compared to secondary data?

<p>Primary data is often more expensive to collect. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is timely information important for management?

<p>It ensures decisions are based on relevant and current data. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of cost accounting?

<p>To track and analyze costs incurred within an organization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is external information?

<p>Information gained from external sources outside the organization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is gross pay?

<p>The initial wage calculation before deductions are made. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered compulsory deductions from gross pay?

<p>National Insurance Contributions and income tax. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organisations are primarily funded by the central government?

<p>Public sector organisations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do private sector organisations typically receive funding?

<p>From owners/shareholders and loans. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a not-for-profit organisation primarily focused on?

<p>Providing a benefit to the community. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines centralised control in an organisation?

<p>Key decisions are made by top management with little delegation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of centralised control in an organisation?

<p>Limited input from day-to-day experts. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes an organisational chart?

<p>A chart depicting the hierarchy and structure of an organisation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a cooperative?

<p>It is owned and run by its workers who share the profits. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure may have fewer departments due to its size?

<p>Sole traders. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary reason for accountants to behave ethically?

<p>To maintain the reputation and standing of the AAT (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes fraud?

<p>Deliberately deceiving someone to deprive them of their property (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must information in financial statements adhere to?

<p>It must be presented fully, honestly, and clearly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition can accountants disclose confidential information?

<p>With proper and specific authority or legal duty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can conflicts of interest affect AAT members?

<p>They can hinder independence and objectivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should AAT members do to exhibit professional behavior?

<p>Comply with relevant laws and regulations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following would NOT be a potential threat to independence?

<p>Working under a different regulatory body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are two common forms of fraud in business?

<p>Misappropriation of assets and intentional misrepresentation of financial statements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for accountants to prepare financial statements properly?

<p>Sufficient technical knowledge according to accepted standards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important for accountants to be objective?

<p>To avoid biases that may distort financial data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a category in PESTLE analysis?

<p>Financial (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which external factor is primarily concerned with government regulations and policies?

<p>Political (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the weaknesses a company may face related to its internal accounting systems?

<p>Outdated procedures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which recommendation can address multiple weaknesses within a company?

<p>Establishing a training program (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What social factor could significantly impact a business's market strategy?

<p>Health-conscious behaviors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should a business respond to PESTLE influences to be effective?

<p>Develop strategic responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a technological factor in PESTLE analysis?

<p>New product development (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common staff reaction to changes in policies and procedures?

<p>Negative response despite potential benefits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a legal factor that may affect a business?

<p>Data protection laws (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a company consider before making changes to policies and procedures?

<p>The potential impact on staff (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Budgetary Control

Comparing planned budgets with actual results to identify and correct performance issues.

Budgetary Control Report

A report detailing budgets, actual performance, commitments, and variances.

Decision Making

The process of making choices about achieving organizational goals and running the business.

Long-Term Decision

Strategic choices impacting the organization's overall goals, typically within 5-10 years.

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Short-Term Decision

Daily operational choices supporting the organization's short-term goals.

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Profit Margin

A percentage showing profit relative to revenue.

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ROCE

Return on Capital Employed; a ratio measuring profitability per pound invested.

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Current Ratio

A liquidity ratio comparing current assets to current liabilities.

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Quick Ratio

A liquidity ratio similar to current ratio, but excluding inventory.

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Inventory Holding Period

The average number of days inventory is held before sale.

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Decentralized Control

Key decisions are moved from top management to lower levels of the organisation.

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Scalar Chain

The chain of command from top to bottom of an organization.

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Tall Organization

An organization with many layers of management.

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Flat Organisation

An organisation with few layers of management.

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Span of Control

The number of subordinates a manager has.

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Advantages of Decentralized Control

Improved local knowledge, motivation, and faster decision-making.

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Disadvantages of Decentralized Control

Lack of uniformity, potential for duplicated work, and sometimes less profitable decisions.

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Decentralization Risks

Demoralization potential due to feeling of powerlessness or distrust.

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Payables Payment Period

Average number of days a business takes to pay suppliers.

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Gearing Ratio

Percentage of debt to total financing (equity + debt).

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High Gearing

Large percentage of financing comes from debt.

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Accurate Information

Information as precise as needed by the user.

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Complete Information

Information with no missing details.

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Cost-Effective Information

Information benefiting users more than it cost to acquire.

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Primary Data

Information collected uniquely for a specific purpose.

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Secondary Data

Information gathered for a purpose distinct from the user's.

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Management Accounting

Financial reports assisting managers with planning, control, and decision-making.

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Financial Accounting

Recording, summarizing, and presenting financial information for external stakeholders.

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Payroll

The department that calculates employee wages and ensures payments to employees and tax authorities.

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Gross Pay

The initial wage calculation before any deductions are made.

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Deductions

Amounts subtracted from gross pay, including taxes and other contributions.

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Public Sector Organizations

Organizations run by the government to provide services to the community.

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Private Sector Organizations

Organizations owned by individuals or groups, aiming for profit.

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Centralised Control

Key decisions made by top management, with limited input from lower levels.

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Net Pay

The amount remaining after all deductions; the money employees receive.

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Organizational Chart

A diagram showing connections and responsibilities in an organization.

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Income Tax (PAYE)

A compulsory deduction from gross pay, based on income levels.

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National Insurance Contributions (NICs)

Compulsory deductions for social security programs.

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Ethical Accounting

Acting diligently and following professional standards in accounting services, respecting confidentiality, complying with laws, and upholding the profession's reputation

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Confidentiality in Accounting

Protecting sensitive information acquired in professional relationships; not disclosing it to others without proper authority unless legally required.

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Fraud in Business

Deliberately deceiving someone to gain something illegally.

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Misappropriation of Assets

Stealing company funds or resources.

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Financial Statement Accuracy

Financial reports need full, honest, and clear information, showing true transactions according to accounting standards.

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Conflict of Interest

A situation where personal interests could influence professional judgment.

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Independence in Accounting

Being objective in judgment and appearance in professional activities.

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Threats to Independence

Potential issues that could compromise objectivity in accounting (gifts, financial interests).

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AAT Ethical Objectives

Skills mastery, ethical work approach, societal duty, objectivity, high-quality conduct, and public trust-building.

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Accountants' Professional Behavior

Following relevant laws and regulations, avoiding actions damaging the profession's reputation.

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PESTLE Analysis

Analyzing political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors to understand how they affect a business.

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Political Factors

Government policies, taxation, grants, trade regulations, and public spending that affect businesses.

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Economic Factors

Interest rates, exchange rates, income levels, and economic cycles affecting a business.

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Social Factors

Demographics, health trends, consumer preferences, and cultural shifts that impact a business.

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Technological Factors

Innovations, new technologies, advancements, and obsolescence rates that affect a business.

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Legal Factors

Employment laws, health and safety regulations, competition laws, and data protection laws affecting a business.

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Environmental Factors

Climate change, natural disasters, and sustainability concerns affecting a business.

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SWOT Analysis

Evaluating internal strengths and weaknesses, and external opportunities and threats to a business.

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Internal Control Weakness

A flaw in a company's internal systems that could lead to mistakes, fraud, or poor management.

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Change Management

Strategies for effectively handling changes in policies, procedures, and systems within a company.

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