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Wetland Plant Adaptations

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Reduced oxygen availability for nitrifying bacteria

Increased ethanol production in roots

Conversion of nitrate to ammonium

Oxidation of toxic products caused by reducing conditions in wetland soils (correct)

Oxygen (correct)

Acetaldehyde

Nitrate

Ammonium

Reduced nitrate uptake from the soil

Increased sensitivity to anaerobic respiration byproducts

Greater tolerance to toxic end products of anaerobic respiration (correct)

Enhanced oxygen uptake from the air

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Radial oxygen loss to the rhizosphere occurs in wetland plants, where oxygen leaks out into the surrounding soil environment from the roots.
This process has two benefits: it oxidizes toxic products caused by reducing conditions in wetland soils, preventing them from building up to harmful levels around the roots, and it supplies oxygen to nitrifying bacteria.
Nitrifying bacteria transform ammonium to nitrate, the form of nitrogen that is most readily taken up by most plant species.
Wetland plants have a greater tolerance to the toxic end products of anaerobic respiration, including ethanol and acetaldehyde.
Some wetland plants are thought to have more efficient means of tolerating or exporting these byproducts from the roots.