Wet Macular Degeneration Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common form of jerk nystagmus?

  • Vertical
  • Horizontal (correct)
  • Torsional
  • Rotary

    • What is the characteristic feature of pendular nystagmus?

  • Lesions near craniocervical junction
  • Continual oscillation without separate phases (correct)
  • Slow drift off the target
  • Rhythmic oscillation of the eye

    • Which condition is associated with upbeat nystagmus?

  • Meniere's disease
  • Lithium medication
  • Chiari malformation (correct)
  • Optic neuritis

    • What causes peripheral vestibular nystagmus?

    <p>Dysfunction of the labyrinth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of macular degeneration involves extracellular debris deposits around the macula?

    <p>Dry macular degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

    <p>New blood vessels growing in the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is used for wet macular degeneration?

    <p>Intraocular injection of VEGF antagonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic sign of hypertensive retinopathy?

    <p>AV nicking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can occur spontaneously in individuals over 50 and is often preceded by floaters or shadow-like disturbances?

    <p>Retinal detachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a leading cause of blindness in the US?

    <p>Diabetic retinopathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is used for the prevention of diabetic retinopathy?

    <p>Good glycemic control, BP control, and lipid control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to blindness and has a poor prognosis if the macula has detached?

    <p>Retinal detachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are VEGF inhibitors used for in treating retinal disorders?

    <p>Treating new blood vessels growing in the retina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

    <p>Nonspecific visual symptoms like spots floating in vision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for optic neuritis?

    <p>Steroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition requires urgent recognition and steroids to prevent blindness?

    <p>Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AAION)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of blindness in older adults?

    <p>Macular degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with sudden vision loss and giant cell arteritis (GCA)?

    <p>Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for papilledema?

    <p>Acetazolamide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by refractile particles in the optic nerve and causes visual obscurations?

    <p>Optic disc drusen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition causes progressive, painless vision loss in young men and is maternally inherited?

    <p>Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between orbital cellulitis and periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis?

    <p>Location of infection and emergent referral requirement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition has limited treatment options, especially for the dry form?

    <p>Macular degeneration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes visual loss and bilateral optic disc swelling?

    <p>Toxic Optic Neuropathy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is commonly associated with multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Optic neuritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading cause of blindness in African Americans?

    <p>Open-angle glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition presents with a painful, red eye, cloudy cornea, and dilated fixed eye?

    <p>Angle-closure glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the management for a transient ischemic attack of the retina?

    <p>Oral aspirin and finding underlying causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characterized by reduced visual acuity not correctable by refractive means and fixed ocular deviation?

    <p>Amblyopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What warrants urgent referral to an ophthalmologist and comprehensive workup to identify and treat systemic conditions?

    <p>Optic disc swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a deviation from ocular alignment, potentially leading to amblyopia?

    <p>Strabismus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with muscular imbalance, trauma, brain tumors, and elevated intracranial pressure?

    <p>Strabismus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of glaucoma has varied symptoms and exam changes?

    <p>Open-angle glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What medication is used to manage open-angle glaucoma?

    <p>Betablockers and prostaglandin drops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What potentially exacerbates glaucoma?

    <p>Inhaled beta 2 agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the ophthalmologic procedures for glaucoma?

    <p>Laser therapy, trabeculectomy surgery, medications like timolol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the symptoms of orbital floor fracture due to blunt trauma?

    <p>Restricted eye movement, dropped eye, and crepitus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of open globe fracture?

    <p>Obvious corneal or scleral laceration, peaked pupil, and subconjunctival hemorrhage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of hyphema?

    <p>Vision loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hypopyon in the anterior chamber suggest?

    <p>A sight-threatening ocular infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does central retinal artery occlusion present?

    <p>Painless vision loss, cherry red spot or boxcar appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the risk factors for central retinal artery occlusion?

    <p>Carotid disease, cardiogenic emboli, and small artery disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prognosis for central retinal artery occlusion?

    <p>Poor; the retina's ability to survive without proper blood flow is limited to about 90 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes central retinal vein occlusion?

    <p>Painless vision loss, blood and thunder appearance, and retinal hemorrhages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be involved in the treatment for central retinal vein occlusion?

    <p>Intravitreal injections, anti-VEGF therapy, and laser photocoagulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ocular Trauma and Emergencies Summary

    • Blunt trauma can lead to orbital floor fracture, causing symptoms such as restricted eye movement, dropped eye, and crepitus, and requires a CT scan for diagnosis.
    • Open globe fracture is characterized by obvious corneal or scleral laceration, peaked pupil, and subconjunctival hemorrhage, and immediate ophthalmology consult and avoidance of increasing intraocular pressure are crucial.
    • Hyphema, or blood in the anterior chamber, can result in vision loss and requires an ophthalmologist consult, no aspirin, and elevation of the head of the bed.
    • Hypopyon, a layer of white cells in the anterior chamber, is suggestive of a sight-threatening ocular infection and necessitates urgent ophthalmologist evaluation.
    • Central retinal artery occlusion presents as painless vision loss, cherry red spot or boxcar appearance, and requires emergent referral to ophthalmology, with potential treatment options including tPA or ocular massage.
    • Risk factors for central retinal artery occlusion include carotid disease, cardiogenic emboli, and small artery disease, and patients may present without pain, redness, or with a relative afferent pupillary defect.
    • Central retinal artery occlusion prognosis is poor, with the retina's ability to survive without proper blood flow limited to about 90 minutes.
    • Central retinal vein occlusion is characterized by painless vision loss, blood and thunder appearance, and retinal hemorrhages, and is associated with vascular risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and smoking.
    • Treatment for central retinal vein occlusion may involve VEGF inhibitors, and underlying conditions such as glaucoma and hypercoagulable states should be addressed.
    • Risk factors for central retinal vein occlusion include diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and smoking, with potential complications including macular edema and neovascularization.
    • Central retinal vein occlusion presents with increased pressures causing macular edema, neovascularization, retinal ischemia, and venous dilation and tortuosity.
    • Central retinal vein occlusion requires urgent referral and treatment of underlying issues, and may present with cotton wool spots in younger patients with hypercoagulable states.

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    Advanced Eye Disorders PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge about wet macular degeneration, including its definition, epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosing methods. Learn about VEGF inhibitors and photocoagulation as treatment options.

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