Wet Macular Degeneration Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the most common form of jerk nystagmus?

Vertical

Horizontal (correct)

Torsional

Rotary

What is the characteristic feature of pendular nystagmus?

Lesions near craniocervical junction

Continual oscillation without separate phases (correct)

Slow drift off the target

Rhythmic oscillation of the eye

Which condition is associated with upbeat nystagmus?

Meniere's disease

Lithium medication

Chiari malformation (correct)

Optic neuritis

What causes peripheral vestibular nystagmus?

Dysfunction of the labyrinth Signup and view all the answers

Which type of macular degeneration involves extracellular debris deposits around the macula?

Dry macular degeneration Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

New blood vessels growing in the retina Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is used for wet macular degeneration?

Intraocular injection of VEGF antagonists Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic sign of hypertensive retinopathy?

AV nicking Signup and view all the answers

What can occur spontaneously in individuals over 50 and is often preceded by floaters or shadow-like disturbances?

Retinal detachment Signup and view all the answers

What is a leading cause of blindness in the US?

Diabetic retinopathy Signup and view all the answers

What is used for the prevention of diabetic retinopathy?

Good glycemic control, BP control, and lipid control Signup and view all the answers

What can lead to blindness and has a poor prognosis if the macula has detached?

Retinal detachment Signup and view all the answers

What are VEGF inhibitors used for in treating retinal disorders?

Treating new blood vessels growing in the retina Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy?

Nonspecific visual symptoms like spots floating in vision Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for optic neuritis?

Steroids Signup and view all the answers

Which condition requires urgent recognition and steroids to prevent blindness?

Arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AAION) Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of blindness in older adults?

Macular degeneration Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with sudden vision loss and giant cell arteritis (GCA)?

Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION) Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for papilledema?

Acetazolamide Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by refractile particles in the optic nerve and causes visual obscurations?

Optic disc drusen Signup and view all the answers

Which condition causes progressive, painless vision loss in young men and is maternally inherited?

Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between orbital cellulitis and periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis?

Location of infection and emergent referral requirement Signup and view all the answers

Which condition has limited treatment options, especially for the dry form?

Macular degeneration Signup and view all the answers

What causes visual loss and bilateral optic disc swelling?

Toxic Optic Neuropathy Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is commonly associated with multiple sclerosis?

Optic neuritis Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of blindness in African Americans?

Open-angle glaucoma Signup and view all the answers

Which condition presents with a painful, red eye, cloudy cornea, and dilated fixed eye?

Angle-closure glaucoma Signup and view all the answers

What is the management for a transient ischemic attack of the retina?

Oral aspirin and finding underlying causes Signup and view all the answers

What is characterized by reduced visual acuity not correctable by refractive means and fixed ocular deviation?

Amblyopia Signup and view all the answers

What warrants urgent referral to an ophthalmologist and comprehensive workup to identify and treat systemic conditions?

Optic disc swelling Signup and view all the answers

What is a deviation from ocular alignment, potentially leading to amblyopia?

Strabismus Signup and view all the answers

What is associated with muscular imbalance, trauma, brain tumors, and elevated intracranial pressure?

Strabismus Signup and view all the answers

Which type of glaucoma has varied symptoms and exam changes?

Open-angle glaucoma Signup and view all the answers

What medication is used to manage open-angle glaucoma?

Betablockers and prostaglandin drops Signup and view all the answers

What potentially exacerbates glaucoma?

Inhaled beta 2 agonists Signup and view all the answers

What are the ophthalmologic procedures for glaucoma?

Laser therapy, trabeculectomy surgery, medications like timolol Signup and view all the answers

What are the symptoms of orbital floor fracture due to blunt trauma?

Restricted eye movement, dropped eye, and crepitus Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of open globe fracture?

Obvious corneal or scleral laceration, peaked pupil, and subconjunctival hemorrhage Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of hyphema?

Vision loss Signup and view all the answers

What does hypopyon in the anterior chamber suggest?

A sight-threatening ocular infection Signup and view all the answers

How does central retinal artery occlusion present?

Painless vision loss, cherry red spot or boxcar appearance Signup and view all the answers

What are the risk factors for central retinal artery occlusion?

Carotid disease, cardiogenic emboli, and small artery disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the prognosis for central retinal artery occlusion?

Poor; the retina's ability to survive without proper blood flow is limited to about 90 minutes Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes central retinal vein occlusion?

Painless vision loss, blood and thunder appearance, and retinal hemorrhages Signup and view all the answers

What may be involved in the treatment for central retinal vein occlusion?

Intravitreal injections, anti-VEGF therapy, and laser photocoagulation Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ocular Trauma and Emergencies Summary

Blunt trauma can lead to orbital floor fracture, causing symptoms such as restricted eye movement, dropped eye, and crepitus, and requires a CT scan for diagnosis.
Open globe fracture is characterized by obvious corneal or scleral laceration, peaked pupil, and subconjunctival hemorrhage, and immediate ophthalmology consult and avoidance of increasing intraocular pressure are crucial.
Hyphema, or blood in the anterior chamber, can result in vision loss and requires an ophthalmologist consult, no aspirin, and elevation of the head of the bed.
Hypopyon, a layer of white cells in the anterior chamber, is suggestive of a sight-threatening ocular infection and necessitates urgent ophthalmologist evaluation.
Central retinal artery occlusion presents as painless vision loss, cherry red spot or boxcar appearance, and requires emergent referral to ophthalmology, with potential treatment options including tPA or ocular massage.
Risk factors for central retinal artery occlusion include carotid disease, cardiogenic emboli, and small artery disease, and patients may present without pain, redness, or with a relative afferent pupillary defect.
Central retinal artery occlusion prognosis is poor, with the retina's ability to survive without proper blood flow limited to about 90 minutes.
Central retinal vein occlusion is characterized by painless vision loss, blood and thunder appearance, and retinal hemorrhages, and is associated with vascular risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and smoking.
Treatment for central retinal vein occlusion may involve VEGF inhibitors, and underlying conditions such as glaucoma and hypercoagulable states should be addressed.
Risk factors for central retinal vein occlusion include diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and smoking, with potential complications including macular edema and neovascularization.
Central retinal vein occlusion presents with increased pressures causing macular edema, neovascularization, retinal ischemia, and venous dilation and tortuosity.
Central retinal vein occlusion requires urgent referral and treatment of underlying issues, and may present with cotton wool spots in younger patients with hypercoagulable states.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge about wet macular degeneration, including its definition, epidemiology, etiology, and diagnosing methods. Learn about VEGF inhibitors and photocoagulation as treatment options.