Western Philosophers of Education
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Questions and Answers

Which philosopher is known as the father of modern education?

  • Anselm
  • John Amos Comenius (correct)
  • John Dewey
  • John Locke

What concept is John Locke famously associated with?

  • Blank sheet (tabula rasa) (correct)
  • Child-centered education
  • Moral and virtue development
  • Natural development of faculties

Which work did Erasmus advocate for regarding education?

  • Institution Oratoria
  • Emile
  • Education should align with societal needs (correct)
  • Summa Theologiae

Which educational theorist defined education as the harmonious development of a child's faculties?

<p>Pestalozzi (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What philosophy did St. Thomas Aquinas contribute to?

<p>Scholasticism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher wrote 'Emile' and emphasized education according to the nature of the child?

<p>John Jacques Rousseau (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is known as the father of kindergarten?

<p>Froebel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Ascham condemn in his writings?

<p>Strict discipline in schools (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who played a significant role in the formulation of Confucianism alongside Confucius?

<p>Mencius (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Mencius' political philosophy?

<p>The necessity of a good ruler for good government (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which educational philosophy emphasizes inquiry and dialogue in teaching methods?

<p>Progressivism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main idea proposed by existentialism in the context of education?

<p>Existence precedes essence (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following philosophers is associated with the concept that man is inherently curious?

<p>John Dewey (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the philosophical background of teaching signify?

<p>Teachers have a rich philosophical heritage to draw from (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which philosophy is primarily concerned with the preservation of knowledge and its truth?

<p>Perennialism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'li' represent in Confucianism?

<p>The principle of propriety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the classroom according to the educational philosophy mentioned?

<p>To serve as a laboratory for experiencing real-world practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of behaviorism as an educational philosophy?

<p>Strictly concerns observable behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Eastern Philosophy

The way of thinking and understanding the world common to many cultures in the East, often intertwined with religious beliefs.

Confucianism

A philosophical and ethical system founded by Confucius, emphasizing virtue, social harmony, and good governance.

Mencius

A prominent follower of Confucius, known for his belief in the inherent goodness of human nature and the importance of a virtuous ruler.

Hzun-Tzu

Another key figure in Confucianism, known for his emphasis on human nature as inherently selfish and requiring discipline.

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Ju School

The school of thought founded by Confucius, which focuses on morality, ethics, and social order.

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Essentialism

A philosophy of education believing in a core body of knowledge essential for all students, emphasizing traditional subjects like history, math, and literature.

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Progressivism

A philosophy of education focusing on student-centered learning, real-world experiences, and problem-solving, believing education is preparation for life.

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Perennialism

A philosophy of education emphasizing timeless and enduring truths, focusing on classical literature and philosophical ideas.

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Existentialism

A philosophy of education emphasizing personal choice, individual responsibility, and the search for meaning in life.

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Behaviorism

A philosophy of education focusing on observable behaviors and measurable outcomes, believing that behavior is shaped by environmental factors.

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Ciero's "Oratore"

A book written by Ciero that focuses on rhetoric and the art of public speaking.

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Quintillian's "Institution Oratoria"

Quintillian's influential work that covers education and training in rhetoric, focusing on the development of a skilled orator.

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Anselm - Father of Scholasticism

Anselm was a monk and philosopher who is considered the father of scholasticism, a philosophy of the medieval period which emphasizes rational arguments and theological thinking.

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Abelard - Spearheaded Conceptualism

Abelard, a philosopher and theologian, was a key figure in developing conceptualism, a philosophy that emphasizes the importance of universals and general concepts.

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"Summa Theologiae"

A monumental work of theology written by Thomas Aquinas, providing a comprehensive understanding of Christian beliefs.

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Erasmus - Education's Purpose

Erasmus, a humanist scholar, believed education should be tailored to the needs of society and emphasized the importance of understanding the individual child.

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Ascham's "The Schoolmaster"

Ascham's book criticized harsh punishments in English schools of his time and advocated for a kinder and more effective approach to education.

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John Amos Comenius - Father of Modern Education

Comenius is celebrated for his contributions to modern education, including his focus on practical knowledge and the use of visual learning aids.

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Study Notes

Western Philosophers of Education

  • Ciero wrote "Oratore"
  • Quintillian wrote "Institution Oratoria", a famous Grammaticus
  • Anselm is considered the father of scholasticism
  • Abelard spearheaded Conceptualism
  • St. Thomas Aquinas wrote "Summa Theologica"
  • Erasmus advocated education aligned with societal needs, highlighting child character study
  • Ascham's "Schoolmaster" criticized harsh punishments in English schools
  • John Amos Comenius, the father of modern education, authored the first picture book "Orbis Senualium Pictus"
  • Mulcaster emphasized education aligned with nature
  • John Locke introduced the concept of tabula rasa (blank slate)
  • John Jacques Rousseau wrote "Emile," advocating education aligned with the child's nature
  • Pestalozzi defined education as the natural, symmetrical, and harmonious development of child faculties
  • Herbart viewed education as cultivating morality and virtue, known for the Herbatian Method
  • Friedrich Froebel is considered the father of kindergarten
  • John Dewey stated, "Education is not preparation for life; it is life"
  • St. John Baptiste de la Salle is the patron saint of teachers
  • Maria Montessori advocated child-centered education and prepared environments

Oriental Philosophy

  • Oriental philosophy is preliminary to Western thought, focusing on religious modes of thought and worldviews
  • Oriental ideas, particularly in Gnostic philosophy, influenced Western thought, but Western thought later gained prominence
  • Oriental philosophy approximates philosophy, but its focus on religion distinguishes it

Confucianism

  • Confucianism began with Confucius, further developed by Mencius and Xunzi
  • Confucius is the Latinized name for Kung-Fu-Tzu (Master Kong)
  • Confucius founded the Ju School, known as Confucianism in the West

Mencius' Political Philosophy

  • Man is a political animal, fully developing within society and state
  • Good government depends on the ruler's example
  • Education emphasizes social reform, involving student experience, social action, and real-world applications
  • Teaching methods include problem-oriented study, group discussions, inquiry, dialogue, interaction, and community-based learning; the classroom acts as a laboratory

Teaching Profession: The Teacher and Society

  • Teachers inherit a rich philosophical heritage from past thinkers who pondered human existence
  • Five main philosophies of education are: Essentialism (William Bagley), Progressivism (John Dewey), Perennialism (Robert Hutchins), Existentialism (Jean-Paul Sartre), and Behaviorism (John Watson)

Human Nature and the Pursuit of Knowledge

  • Human nature is inherently curious, seeking to understand "whatness, whyness, and howness"
  • This pursuit leads to knowledge acquisition and truth preservation for humanity
  • Ideas, being eternal, need cultivation and protection and must be presented naturally and meaningfully; philosophy and education work together to achieve this

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Description

Explore the contributions and ideas of key Western philosophers in education. This quiz covers essential figures like Erasmus, John Locke, and Rousseau, along with their impact on modern educational theories and practices. Test your knowledge on their writings and philosophies.

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