Western Europe in the Middle Ages

Major kingdoms in Western Europe around 500 AD.

The period roughly from 500 AD to 1400 AD.

The Western Roman Empire lacked a central governing authority.

Political and social systems that emerged due to the lack of a unifying government.

Religion that had a great significance in the Western Empire during this time.

Roman roads facilitated the spread of Roman and Christian customs.

Europe possessed various natural resources.

Classical heritage of Rome, Roman Catholic Church beliefs, and Germanic customs.

Trade declined, businesses and cities collapsed, and money became scarce due to invasions.

Cities were abandoned as people moved to the countryside.

Decline in literacy as invaders were often illiterate; the Church maintained literacy.

Latin evolved into new languages.

Germanic invaders were warriors, farmers, and herders.

Kings were elected among the Germanic invaders.

Europe was divided, and territories were fought over.

They were the most powerful invaders.

Present-day France.

The King of the Franks.

His conversion to Christianity.

Franks fought against a Muslim army in 732.

Muslims could no longer conquer the rest of Western Europe.

Charlemagne was king in the 800s.

King of the Franks.

His empire included much of Western Europe.

Pope Leo III.

800s.

"Emperor of the Romans".

Charlemagne helped spread Christianity.

Bureaucracy with nobles to rule local areas.

A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials.

Schools to educate government officials and Libraries with scholars.

His empire fell apart due to heirs battling for control.

Into 3 separate kingdoms.

Strong government and spread of Christianity in the northern empire.

Kings were too weak to keep invaders out, leading people to move to the countryside.

Invaders from Scandinavia (North). They were violent and had a war-like culture.

Invaders from Hungary (East). They were nomadic and invaded to sell people, not for land.

Very smart invaders from the South.

Yes.

Kings, queens, lords, and sometimes knights.

Peasants.

To work the land and serve nobles.

Christian church dominated life during the Middle Ages.

Kings/clergy, nobles/lords, knights/vassals, peasants/serfs.

A loosely structured political system in which powerful lords (nobles) owned large sections of land.

Into estates called fiefs.

Vassals.

Pledge their loyalty and military support to lords in return for land.

Nobles trained to become knights.

A code that told them to be brave, loyal, honest, and loyal to their wife.

A women who was in charge of the estate while her husband was at war.

Very little.

An economic system structured around a lords manor or estate.

Village(s) and land surrounding.

Serfs.

No.

To farm the lords land.

Several acres of land to farm on.

To protect the serfs during war.

Very harsh-worked long hours, few lived past 35.

Christianity.

Farmers, priest, lord, parson, fishermen, blacksmith, etc..

By having a strict social class, isolation occurs, causing Europe to break up into smaller pieces.

Fragmenting Europe for centuries.

Leather saddles and stirrups.

VERY DIFFERENT-noblewomen woke up early and went to bed early, had lots of time to pray. peasant women worked all day and got up early and went to bed late

The Church.

the pope and king

it gave people the sense of community and security

the orthodox Christian church-east roman catholic church-west

Roman Catholic Church

The Church

the Pope

bishops and local priests

to serve the spiritual need of medieval society

Largest landowners in Europe, lot of power, Christians were required to pay 10% of their yearly income to the Church

They had their own set of laws, claimed authority over secular rulers, popes believed they had authority over the king,

A ceremony when Kings and nobles elect Church officials

a law saying the church could appoint a bishop, but the emperor could veto that decision

communities where Christian men and women focused on spiritual work

to spread the message of Christianity

tend to the sick, help the poor, educate children

that men and women were equal in the sight of god, but on Earth women are to be sub-servant to men

marriage

1. weak, easily tempted, dependent on men
2. modest, pure, similar to Mary

stories on knights, lords, and common people

focused on glorifying god, reflected power of the church, and gothic style buildings

To return back to the basis of Christianity

1. many priests had families (illegal)
2. Bishops sold positions in the Church
3. Kings appointed bishops, but reformers thought it was the Churchs job

like a kingdom, with the pope as the king

taxes the church collected. 1/10 of a persons yearly salary

similar jobs as friars, however they could not travel

a large cathedral

round arches and a heavy roof held up by thick walls. little windows and pillars

stained glass windows, point, tall, lots of carvings, reaching towards the heavans

1. People no longer traveled due to it being dangerous
2. All aspects of civilization declined
3. Europe becomes isolated from the rest of the world

1. technological improvements
2. a growth in population
3. growth in agriculture