West Asiatic Architecture Overview
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Questions and Answers

Which architectural material is commonly used in West Asiatic architecture?

  • Timber and colored limestones (correct)
  • Wood
  • Concrete
  • Steel

    • The Mesopotamian civilization is located near the Nile River.

    False

    What is the Greek term for 'in between rivers' and which two rivers does it refer to?

    Meso and Potamos; Tigris and Euphrates

    In order to prevent flooding, important structures in Mesopotamia, such as the __________, were built on platforms.

    <p>Ziggurat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following civilizations with their respective locations:

    <p>Sumer = Iraq Assyria = Northern Mesopotamia Babylon = Central Mesopotamia Persia = Southern Mesopotamia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of material did Assyria and Babylon primarily use for building?

    <p>Sun-dried bricks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Persian architecture frequently incorporates the use of monsters for decoration.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What natural resource is used to make sun-dried bricks?

    <p>Mud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In earlier courtyard architecture, a courtyard is an open space that is surrounded by other _____ spaces.

    <p>enclosed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following regions with their respective characteristics or influence:

    <p>Babylon = Located in modern Iraq Assyria = Found in Northern Iraq/Southern Türkiye Persia = Known for king-headed winged bulls Geological = Utilization of mud in construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant feature of Persian doorways?

    <p>Winged bulls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Open courtyards were only used by the lower echelons of society.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which civilization is one of the oldest known in the region currently known as Iran?

    <p>Persia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason bricks were placed inside an oven or kiln?

    <p>To make them sturdier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ziggurats were mainly used for residential purposes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which color was difficult to obtain in ancient times and was reserved for royalty?

    <p>purple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The higher the structure, the more the god can see their ________.

    <p>offerings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the structure to its description:

    <p>Ziggurat = A platform to bring temples closer to heaven Ishtar Gate = A magnificent structure built during King Nebuchadnezzar II Palace of Nebuchadnezzar = The grand residence of a Babylonian king Colored Glazed Bricks = Bricks made glossy by pigments and additional kiln drying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was NOT used as a pigment for colored glazed bricks?

    <p>Coal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only priests and kings could access the top of a ziggurat.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the extra step in making kiln-dried bricks?

    <p>It made the bricks sturdier and more expensive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'esagila' refer to?

    <p>The temple of Marduk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Palace of Sargon is located in Persepolis.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was responsible for the construction of the Hall of Hundred Columns?

    <p>Xerxes I and Artaxerxes I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ is known as the grand or royal audience hall in the Palace of Persepolis.

    <p>apadana</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following structures with their descriptions:

    <p>Tripylon = A triple gate serving as a reception area Tatchara Palace = Smallest structure, residence for kings and wives Treasury = Armory for storing fighting materials Palace of Susa = Erected by Darius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who completed the construction of the Palace of Persepolis?

    <p>Artaxerxes I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Assyrians and Babylonians primarily constructed palaces rather than temples.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name the most important structure in Assyrian architecture.

    <p>Ziggurat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chief building in Assyria and Babylon is the __________.

    <p>ziggurat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What architectural feature is characteristic of Persian architecture?

    <p>Columnar and tritiated constructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    King Ur Nammu was responsible for commissioning the great ziggurat located in Iraq.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Hall of Hundred Columns?

    <p>It is part of the Palace of Persepolis and signifies grandeur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were created by King __________ for his wife.

    <p>Nebuchadnezzar II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common ornamental feature in Assyrian and Babylonian architecture?

    <p>Winged bulls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Persian architecture incorporates ziggurats as an important element.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique characteristic was noted about the roofs in Assyria and Babylon?

    <p>Flat roofs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ziggurat of Ur is dedicated to which moon god?

    <p>Nanna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The architecture of Persia is characterized by its __________ and airy magnificence.

    <p>light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following kings with their contributions:

    <p>Darius I = Started the construction of the Palace of Persepolis Xerxes I = Contributed the majority to Persepolis Artaxerxes I = Finished the Palace of Persepolis construction King Ur Nammu = Commissioned the great ziggurat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    West Asiatic Architecture

    • Characterized by the use of timber and colored limestones, due to the geographical distance from Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
    • Known as Mesopotamian Architecture, it centers around a desert region in Persia.

    Climatic Influence in Mesopotamian Architecture

    • Assyria and Babylon are located closer to Tigris and Euphrates, making them vulnerable to flooding.
    • Elevated structures, such as ziggurats and temples, were built on platforms to avoid destruction from floods.

    Main Civilizations

    • Sumer: Located in Iraq.
    • Assyria: Situated in Northern Iraq and Southern Türkiye.
    • Babylon: Also in Iraq.
    • Persia: One of the oldest civilizations, located in Iran.

    Geological Characteristics

    • Assyria and Babylon predominantly used sun-dried bricks made from river mud, accessible to lower social classes.
    • Wealthier groups utilized kiln-dried bricks, which are sturdier due to higher production standards.
    • Colored glazed bricks combined mud with natural pigments, creating glossy and vibrant surfaces for palaces and temples.

    Historical Aspects

    • The Sumerians integrated new structures into conquered regions without demolishing existing architecture.
    • The idea of kings as reincarnated gods influenced architectural designs.
    • Persian architecture melded elements from African, Middle Eastern, and Southeast European designs, reflecting rich trading connections.

    Important Personalities

    • King Ur Nammu: Commissioned the great ziggurat in Iraq.
    • King Nebuchadnezzar II: Known for the magnificent structures like the Great Palace and Ishtar Gate.
    • Artaxerxes I: Completed the Palace of Persepolis.

    Architectural Differences

    • Assyria and Babylon relied on arches, vaults, and buttresses for structural integrity, while Persia favored columnar and post-lintel constructions.

    Common Elements

    • Temples were primary structures in Assyria and Babylon, while Persian architecture focused solely on palaces.
    • Visual motifs such as king-headed winged bulls and various monsters adorned structures in both regions.

    Architectural Characteristics

    • Assyria and Babylon emphasized massiveness and grandeur in their ziggurats, while Persian designs were light and airy, often utilizing drapery for spatial separation.

    Buildings and Notable Structures

    • The Ziggurat of Ur: A vital structure in Assyria, preserved and dedicated to the moon god Nanna.
    • The Palace of Persepolis: An impressive architectural feat, signifying the city of Persia, initiated by Darius I.

    Parts of the Palace of Persepolis

    • Apadana: The royal audience hall for receiving important guests.
    • Tatchara Palace: The first built structure serving as the royal residence.
    • Tripylon: The gate connecting the Apadana and Hall of Hundred Columns, used for receptions.
    • The Treasury: Functioned as an armory, storing weapons and arms.
    • The Hall of Hundred Columns: Completed by Artaxerxes I, featuring ornate double bull and unicorn capitals.

    Additional Structures

    • Hanging Gardens of Babylon: Constructed by Nebuchadnezzar II for his wife, renowned as one of the seven wonders.
    • The Palace of Sargon II: Recognized as the first palace built in Khorsabad, Iraq.
    • The Temple of Marduk: Known as Esagila, served as the temple for the supreme god in Babylon.

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    Description

    Explore the fascinating features of West Asiatic architecture, particularly focusing on Mesopotamian structures. Learn about the influence of climate on architectural choices and the characteristics of major civilizations like Sumer, Assyria, and Babylon. Understand the materials used and their significance in the social hierarchy.

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