Questions and Answers
Damage to Brodmann Area 22 results in non-fluent but receptive aphasia.
False
Patients with Wernicke's aphasia have difficulty understanding spoken language.
True
Reading comprehension is often impaired in patients with Wernicke's aphasia.
True
Phenomic paraphrastic errors involve substituting one word for another.
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Patients with Wernicke's aphasia often have hemiparesis accompanying the language deficit.
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Study Notes
Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome
- Wernicke area damage is commonly caused by vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency, leading to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.
- Wernicke encephalopathy can occur due to poor nutrition, increased metabolic requirement, or in the setting of renal dialysis.
Wernicke Syndrome
- Wernicke lesions consist of vascular congestion, petechial hemorrhages, and microglial proliferation.
- Chronic cases exhibit gliosis and demyelination.
- Cardinal symptoms of Wernicke syndrome include:
- Gait ataxia
- Horizontal nystagmus
- Encephalopathy (characterized by inattentiveness, delirium, and profound disorientation to person/place/time)
- Ataxia in Wernicke syndrome patients is a combination of vestibular dysfunction, cerebellar involvement, and polyneuropathy.
Korsakoff Syndrome
- Korsakoff syndrome has a more chronic onset and is characterized by:
- Confabulation
- Memory loss
- Hallucinations
- Personality changes
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
- Over 75% of pregnant women experience severe nausea and vomiting during the first and second trimester of pregnancy.
- Hyperemesis gravidarum is characterized by:
- Severe vomiting leading to weight loss
- Electrolyte abnormalities
- Wernicke encephalopathy due to water-soluble vitamin deficiency (thiamine)
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