Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which factor does NOT influence the health status of an individual?
Which factor does NOT influence the health status of an individual?
- Age
- Personality traits (correct)
- Genetic make up
- Sex or gender
How do developmental factors affect health in adolescents?
How do developmental factors affect health in adolescents?
- Improved physical balance
- Increased engagement in sports
- Greater risk-taking behaviors (correct)
- Decreased susceptibility to infections
What characteristic makes infants more susceptible to infections?
What characteristic makes infants more susceptible to infections?
- Underdeveloped physiologic systems (correct)
- Advanced immune response
- Superior cognitive abilities
- Increased activity levels
Which developmental stage is associated with a higher risk for falls and injuries?
Which developmental stage is associated with a higher risk for falls and injuries?
In what way does gender affect health outcomes?
In what way does gender affect health outcomes?
Which model defines wellness as an integrated way of life promoting optimal health and includes dimensions such as creative self and physical self?
Which model defines wellness as an integrated way of life promoting optimal health and includes dimensions such as creative self and physical self?
What key aspect does the National Wellness Institute Model emphasize in pursuing wellness?
What key aspect does the National Wellness Institute Model emphasize in pursuing wellness?
According to the wellness continuum model, individuals typically start at which point?
According to the wellness continuum model, individuals typically start at which point?
Which model suggests that a person can be considered healthy even when sick, as long as they can function normally?
Which model suggests that a person can be considered healthy even when sick, as long as they can function normally?
What does the Environmental Model emphasize as a key factor in achieving health and wellness?
What does the Environmental Model emphasize as a key factor in achieving health and wellness?
Which model proposes that wellness is achieved when all parts of a system are functioning in harmony?
Which model proposes that wellness is achieved when all parts of a system are functioning in harmony?
What do internal variables refer to in terms of health behavior?
What do internal variables refer to in terms of health behavior?
In the Agent Host Environment Model, what influences the host's reaction to an agent?
In the Agent Host Environment Model, what influences the host's reaction to an agent?
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Study Notes
Wheel of Wellness (WHO) Model
- Defines wellness as an integrated lifestyle promoting optimal health and well-being across mind, body, and spirit.
- Integrates five dimensions: creative self, coping self, social self, essential self, and physical self.
National Wellness Institute (NWI) Model
- Defines wellness as an active process of making choices for a more successful life.
- Emphasizes a positive, holistic, and affirming life outlook.
- Highlights conscious choices in pursuing wellness.
Wellness Continuum Model
- Depicts a spectrum ranging from peak wellness to death, with a neutral point in between.
- Individuals progress through stages before reaching either extreme.
Holistic Model of Health
- Defines health in terms of the whole person, not just diseased parts.
- A person can be sick but still function normally.
Medical Model ("5 Ds")
- Defines health as the absence of disease or abnormality.
- Absence of one or more "Ds" (details not specified) defines health status.
Environmental Model
- Defines health based on a person's ability to adapt to their environment.
- Wellness is achieved through successful environmental adaptation.
Health System Model (Neuman)
- Defines wellness as harmonious functioning of all system parts.
- Illness occurs when an organ fails to function normally or needs remain unmet.
Agent-Host-Environment Model
- A host is a living organism susceptible to infection or influence by an agent.
- Host reactions are influenced by family history, age, and health habits.
Health Belief Model
- Describes health behavior based on individual beliefs about themselves and health.
- Influences decision-making regarding healthcare services.
Health Behavior
- Some behaviors are controllable through choice; others are not (e.g., gender, age, genetics, culture, environment).
Internal (Non-Modifiable) Variables
- Unchangeable factors influencing health status.
- Include biological factors like age, sex, genetic makeup, and developmental level.
- Genetic makeup impacts temperament, biological characteristics, activity level, and intellectual potential.
- Sex/gender affects disease distribution.
- Developmental level significantly impacts health; for example:
- Infants are prone to infection due to immature systems.
- Toddlers are prone to falls due to unstable balance.
- Adolescents engage in riskier behaviors due to peer pressure.
- The elderly face environmental hazards due to declining physical and sensory abilities.
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