Week 11 750
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended screening initiation age for cervical cancer?

  • 21 years (correct)
  • 25 years
  • 30 years
  • 18 years

Which of the following is NOT one of the three recommended screening options for individuals aged 30–65 years?

  • Cytology and hrHPV testing every 5 years
  • Co-testing every year (correct)
  • Cervical cytology alone every 3 years
  • Primary hrHPV testing every 5 years

What is the preferred cervical cancer screening option for average-risk individuals aged 25-65 years according to the updated guidelines?

  • Annual cytology with hrHPV testing
  • Primary hrHPV testing every 5 years (correct)
  • Cervical cytology alone every 3 years
  • Colposcopy every 3 years

What is a disadvantage associated with hrHPV-based screening tests?

<p>Increased risk of colposcopies and false-positive results (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For which age group is cervical cytology alone the only recommended screening method?

<p>Aged 21-29 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been a significant barrier to the uptake of primary hrHPV testing?

<p>Limited availability of FDA-approved tests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the organizations ACOG, ASCCP, and SGO continue to recommend regarding cervical cancer screening initiation despite other guidelines?

<p>Initiating at age 21 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about HPV Vaccination and screening initiation age is correct?

<p>It prompts raising the screening initiation age to 25 years. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency for cervical cytology screening for women aged 21 to 29 years?

<p>Every 3 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following cervical cancer screening methods is NOT recommended for women aged 30 to 65 years?

<p>Cervical cytology every year (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the USPSTF recommend starting colorectal cancer screening?

<p>45 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For women with a personal or family history of breast cancer, what is a key requirement before BRCA1/2 testing is performed?

<p>A brief familial risk assessment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of fecal immunochemical tests (FIT) for colorectal cancer screening recommended for adults aged 45 to 75 years?

<p>Every 2 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which testing method is NOT part of the colorectal cancer screening options for adults aged 45 years and older?

<p>Magnetic resonance imaging (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the combined frequency of screening recommended for cervical cytology and hrHPV testing co-testing for women aged 30 to 65 years?

<p>Every 5 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the general population is estimated to carry inherited mutations of the BRCA1/2 gene?

<p>0.2% to 0.3% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended cervical cancer screening frequency for women aged 30 to 65 years using high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing alone?

<p>Every 5 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the USPSTF recommend that women start getting screened for breast cancer?

<p>40 years old (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups does not require cervical cancer screening according to the recommendations?

<p>Women younger than 21 years (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For women with dense breasts, what additional screening method requires further research according to recommendations?

<p>Breast ultrasounds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the USPSTF's screening recommendation for women older than 65 who have had adequate prior screening?

<p>No screening necessary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of periodic prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based screening for men aged 55-69 years according to Grade C recommendations?

<p>To make decisions based on individual choice (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following individuals is advised against routine breast cancer screening?

<p>Women with a history of breast cancer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cervical cancer screening in women who have had a hysterectomy is accurate?

<p>Screening is only needed if they've had a prior high-grade lesion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic is typically seen with lesions caused by Condyloma Acuminatum?

<p>Painless, wartlike lesions that soft and may cluster (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature differentiates Molluscum Contagiosum from other genital lesions?

<p>Dome-shaped papules with central umbilication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of a syphilitic chancre?

<p>Firm, round, painless ulcer with indurated borders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do genital herpes lesions typically present during an initial outbreak?

<p>Extensive superficial vesicles that may erode (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typical characteristic can be observed during the examination of a direct inguinal hernia?

<p>It bulges anteriorly and pushes against the side of the finger. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary subjective symptom associated with genital herpes?

<p>Burning or pain during urination. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true regarding lesions of secondary syphilis?

<p>They typically present as flat, round papules with gray exudate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is commonly associated with inflammation of the Bartholin gland?

<p>Hot, red, tender swelling that may drain pus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hernia is characterized by a nonreducible mass that indicates potential strangulation?

<p>Strangulated hernia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinctive feature is associated with a chancre in primary syphilis?

<p>Firm, round, small lesion with indurated borders. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is often seen in patients with Molluscum Contagiosum?

<p>Sexually active individuals who may express a thick creamy core (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typical examination finding would suggest a syphilitic chancre?

<p>Painless genital ulcers with clear bases and firm borders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence if paraphimosis is left untreated?

<p>Necrosis and gangrene of the glans penis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with single or multiple papular lesions that can appear as cauliflower-like?

<p>Condyloma acuminata (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which infectious condition typically presents with systemic symptoms such as fever and malaise?

<p>Lymphogranuloma venereum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of an indirect inguinal hernia observed during a physical examination?

<p>Bulge that is easily reducible once diagnosed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with the presence of genital warts?

<p>Firm, round, small lesions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Gravida' refer to in obstetric history?

<p>Total number of pregnancies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical health promotion recommendation during preconception counseling?

<p>Taking folic acid prior to pregnancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what age does the USPSTF recommend a woman to start getting Pap tests?

<p>Age 21 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions must be considered during preconception planning?

<p>Chronic diseases such as diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the frequency of HPV testing recommended for women aged 30-65 years?

<p>Every 5 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'A' or 'Ab' in obstetric history signify?

<p>Number of abortions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which vaccine is not recommended during preconception planning?

<p>Live vaccines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often should women aged 25-29 be screened for cervical cancer with Pap tests?

<p>Every 3 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common subjective symptom of Peyronie Disease?

<p>Bending of the erection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is most indicative of a Spermatocele?

<p>Smooth, spherical, nontender mass (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which screening strategy is associated with an increased risk of colposcopies in average-risk patients aged 25-65?

<p>Primary hrHPV testing every 5 years (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of untreated lymphatic drainage blockage in the case of infection?

<p>Lymphedema of the scrotum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What important factors are associated with the slow uptake of primary hrHPV testing?

<p>Limited availability of FDA-approved tests (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which condition would a patient present with a painless lesion on the penis that is pearly gray and umbilicated?

<p>Molluscum Contagiosum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies does the American Cancer Society NOT currently advocate for phasing out?

<p>Screening for women aged 21-29 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which objective finding may indicate the presence of penile cancer?

<p>Warty growth or deep ulceration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which ages is cervical cancer screening frequency considered unchanged for average-risk individuals?

<p>21-29 and over 65 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a large varicocele typically described during examination?

<p>Causing visible bulging of the scrotum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding hrHPV tests is incorrect?

<p>hrHPV tests are less effective than cytology for detecting high-grade lesions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is associated with Orchitis?

<p>Acute onset testicular pain and swelling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do ACOG, ASCCP, and SGO believe about the initiation of cervical cancer screening in light of health equity concerns?

<p>It should continue at age 21 years (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is typical of the lesions seen in Molluscum Contagiosum?

<p>Pearly gray, umbilicated, and dome-shaped (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following may change according to the updated recommendations for cervical cancer screening due to HPV Vaccination?

<p>The screening initiation age potentially raised to 25 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended cervical cancer screening frequency using co-testing for women aged 30 to 65?

<p>Every 5 years (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of testicular cancer distinguishes it from other conditions?

<p>It typically has a firm, irregular, nontender mass. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is least likely to be associated with epididymitis?

<p>Irregular, nontender mass. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a significant risk factor for testicular torsion?

<p>Strenuous physical activity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What objective finding is characteristic of Klinefelter syndrome?

<p>Hypogonadism with a small scrotum. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinguishing feature of testicular torsion upon examination?

<p>Absence of the cremasteric reflex. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom could indicate an acute condition rather than a chronic one?

<p>Acute onset of scrotal pain. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What finding is commonly associated with the presence of hydrocele?

<p>Transilluminates when present. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following findings would be most suggestive of epididymo-orchitis?

<p>Presence of a lumpy and tender epididymis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cervical Cancer Screening Age

Screening for cervical cancer should begin at age 21.

Primary hrHPV Testing

A screening method that checks for high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV).

HPV Vaccination Impact

HPV vaccination might increase the recommended screening age to 25.

Co-testing

Combining hrHPV and Pap smear tests for cervical cancer screening.

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Cytology alone

Screening method using Pap smears alone for cervical cancer.

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Average-risk patients (25-65)

These patients benefit more from primary hrHPV or co-testing than cytology alone.

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FDA-approved hrHPV Tests

These are tests for hrHPV, approved by the FDA.

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Screening Options (30-65)

3 options are recommended: primary hrHPV, cytology alone, or co-testing.

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Cervical Cancer Screening: Who?

The USPSTF recommends cervical cancer screening for women aged 30 to 65 years.

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Cervical Cancer Screening: How Often?

For women aged 30 to 65, cervical cancer screening can be done every 3 years with cytology alone, every 5 years with hrHPV testing alone, or every 5 years with hrHPV and cytology.

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Cervical Cancer Screening: Young Women

The USPSTF recommends against cervical cancer screening for women younger than 21 years.

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Cervical Cancer Screening: Hysterectomy

The USPSTF recommends against cervical cancer screening for women who have had a hysterectomy with removal of the cervix and no history of high-grade precancerous lesions.

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Cervical Cancer Screening: Older Women

The USPSTF recommends against cervical cancer screening for women older than 65 years who have had adequate prior screening and are not at high risk.

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Breast Cancer Screening: Who?

The USPSTF recommends breast cancer screening for all women at average risk, starting at age 40.

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Breast Cancer Screening: Frequency

The USPSTF recommends breast cancer screening every other year for women at average risk, starting at age 40.

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Breast Cancer Screening: Special Cases

More research is needed to recommend breast ultrasounds or MRI for women with dense breasts or those older than 75.

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Cervical Cancer Screening

Regular checkups to detect cervical cancer early, usually starting at age 21 and continuing until age 65.

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Colorectal Cancer Screening

Regular checkups to detect colorectal cancer early, usually starting at age 45 and continuing until age 75.

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BRCA1/2 Gene Mutations

Inherited changes in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes that increase the risk of breast, ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers.

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Risk Assessment for BRCA1/2

Evaluating a person's risk of having BRCA1/2 gene mutations based on their personal and family history of cancer.

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Age for Cervical Screening

Cervical cancer screening should begin at age 21 and continue until age 65.

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Frequency of Cervical Screening

The frequency of cervical cancer screening depends on age and method, typically every 3 years with cytology alone, every 5 years with hrHPV testing alone, or every 5 years with co-testing.

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Age for Colorectal Screening

Colorectal cancer screening should begin at age 45 and continue until age 75.

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Methods of Colorectal Screening

Various methods for colorectal cancer screening include gFOBT, FIT, FIT-DNA, flexible sigmoidoscopy, CT colonography, and colonoscopy.

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Cervical Cancer Screening Age (21-29)

For women aged 21-29, Pap smear testing (cytology alone) every 3 years is recommended.

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Cervical Cancer Screening Options (30-65)

For women aged 30-65, there are three options:

  1. Primary hrHPV testing every 5 years
  2. Cytology alone every 3 years
  3. Co-testing (hrHPV + cytology) every 5 years
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Co-testing for Cervical Cancer

Combining a Pap smear (cytology) with an hrHPV test every 5 years for more accurate results.

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Why is HPV vaccination important for cervical cancer screening?

HPV vaccination may lead to raising the cervical cancer screening initiation age to 25 years, as recommended by the ACS.

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Why is hrHPV testing preferred?

For average-risk women aged 25-65, primary hrHPV testing or co-testing can detect more cases of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).

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Why not just hrHPV testing?

Although hrHPV testing is more effective in detecting cervical abnormalities, it might lead to more colposcopies (biopsy procedures) and false-positive results.

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Why is cytology still an option?

Until primary hrHPV testing is widely available and accessible, cytology-based screening methods should remain options in cervical cancer screening guidelines.

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What is a direct inguinal hernia?

A bulge in the Hesselbach triangle that is easily reduced and bulges anteriorly during examination.

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What is a femoral hernia?

A hernia that occurs in the femoral canal, which is empty on examination.

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What is the defining symptom of paraphimosis?

The inability to return the foreskin to its normal position after retraction.

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What is a chancre?

A painless lesion on the penis, associated with primary syphilis.

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What is genital herpes?

A sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), characterized by painful lesions.

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What is Condyloma Acuminata?

Genital warts caused by HPV, presenting as soft, painless wartlike lesions on the penis.

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What is lymphogranuloma venereum?

A sexually transmitted infection of the lymphatics, characterized by a painless lesion on the penis.

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What is a strangulated hernia?

A hernia that is nonreducible and requires immediate surgical intervention.

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What is an indirect inguinal hernia?

A hernia that protrudes through the internal ring, travels down the canal, and can be felt on examination.

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What are the common types of pelvic hernias?

The three common types of pelvic hernias are indirect, direct, and femoral.

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Molluscum Contagiosum

A viral infection of the skin and mucous membranes, considered a sexually transmitted infection in adults. Characterized by painless, pearly gray, umbilicated lesions with discrete margins.

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Peyronie Disease

A condition characterized by a fibrous band in the corpus cavernosum, causing bending and indentation of the erection, loss of penile length, and possible pain.

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Penile Cancer

Squamous cell carcinoma, typically arising in the glans or foreskin, often presenting as a painless ulceration that fails to heal.

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Spermatocele

A benign cystic accumulation of sperm occurring on the epididymis, typically asymptomatic and discovered on physical examination.

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Varicocele

Abnormal dilation of veins in the spermatic cord, often described as a 'bag of worms' and commonly associated with infertility.

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Orchitis

Acute inflammation of the testicle, usually due to infection, leading to pain, swelling, and systemic symptoms like fever.

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Lymphedema

Swelling of the penis and scrotum due to blocked lymphatic drainage, often associated with untreated infection.

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Sinus Tract

A tunnel-like passage that forms in the skin during an untreated infection.

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Epididymitis

Inflammation of the epididymis, a structure attached to the testicle, often caused by infection. It can be confused with a testicular torsion but is not a surgical emergency.

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Testicular Cancer

Cancer arising from cells within the testicle. It usually presents as a painless mass and can spread to lymph nodes.

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Testicular Torsion

A twisting of the testicle around the spermatic cord, cutting off blood supply. It's a surgical emergency requiring immediate attention.

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Klinefelter Syndrome

A genetic condition where a male has an extra X chromosome (XXY). It causes developmental differences including delayed puberty, infertility, and physical characteristics.

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Painful scrotum

A key symptom of epididymitis. It is often sharp, intense, and worsens with movement.

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Painless scrotal mass

A common symptom of testicular cancer. It feels hard, smooth, and is often noticed as a gradual enlargement.

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Acute scrotal pain

The characteristic symptom of testicular torsion. It comes on suddenly and is severe, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

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Delayed puberty

A sign of Klinefelter syndrome. It can lead to concerns and worry for the individual.

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Gravida

The total number of pregnancies a woman has had, including current pregnancy.

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Para

The number of viable births a woman has had.

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Abortus

The number of pregnancy losses before 20 weeks gestation.

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Preconception Counseling

Healthcare advice and guidance given to individuals or couples before attempting to conceive.

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Preconception Screening

Tests and evaluations conducted on individuals or couples prior to pregnancy to identify potential risks or health issues.

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HPV Vaccine & Cervical Cancer

The HPV vaccine protects against a major cause of cervical cancer, reducing the risk of developing the disease.

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Cervical Cancer Screening Frequency

How often women need to undergo cervical cancer screening after the initial screening.

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Genital Warts (Condyloma Acuminatum)

Soft, painless, wartlike growths on the genitals caused by HPV. They can occur singly or in clusters and may resemble cauliflower-like masses.

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Syphilitic Chancre

A painless, firm, round ulcer with indurated borders and a clear base, often found on the genitals. It is a hallmark of primary syphilis.

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Condyloma Latum

Flat, round or oval papules covered in gray exudate, found on the genitals, a characteristic lesion of secondary syphilis.

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Genital Herpes

A viral infection caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV), characterized by painful, superficial vesicles in the genital area. It can cause initial outbreaks and recurrent episodes.

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Inflammation of Bartholin Gland

Pain and swelling in the groin, often due to infection of the Bartholin gland, which can lead to a hot, red, tender, and fluctuant swelling.

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What is a primary syphilis lesion called?

A primary syphilis lesion is called a chancre, a firm, painless ulcer with indurated borders.

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What are the characteristics of syphilis?

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. It has different stages with distinct symptoms. The primary stage is characterized by a painless ulcer called a chancre.

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Study Notes

Well-Woman Visit: Article 1

  • A comprehensive history is crucial for a well-woman visit, including symptoms, medications, allergies, medical, surgical, family, social, and gynecological history.
  • Questions about reproductive, sexual, and mental health should be included using appropriate screening tools.
  • Well-woman care visits should address bone health, vulvovaginal symptoms, and sexual health throughout a woman's lifespan.
  • Lifestyle factors like smoking, poor diet, and lack of physical activity negatively impact women's health including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and various cancers.

Well-Woman Visit: Article 2

  • Pelvic examinations are generally recommended when indicated by medical history or symptoms (e.g., cervical dysplasia, malignancy).
  • A pelvic examination is not routinely necessary for prescribing contraception (except for IUDs).
  • Evidence suggests that pelvic examinations in asymptomatic women do not decrease ovarian cancer morbidity and mortality.
  • Potential benefits include early detection of treatable conditions.
  • Screening harms may include reports of fear, anxiety, embarrassment, and pain (10% to 80% of women).

Updated Cervical Cancer Screening Guidelines: Article 3

  • Screening should start at age 21, remaining unchanged for average-risk 21-29-year-olds and those over 65.
  • Three options for cervical cancer screening are now available for 30–65-year-olds: primary hrHPV testing every 5 years; cervical cytology alone every 3 years; or co-testing every 5 years.

Utility of Routine Pelvic Examination

  • Traditionally, a pelvic exam is performed in asymptomatic women as a screening tool for gynecologic cancer, infection, and pelvic inflammatory disease.
  • ACOG recommends periodic pelvic exams when indicated by medical history or symptoms.
  • The decision to perform a pelvic exam should be a shared one between the patient and provider.
  • If not performed, a well-woman visit with a physician at least once yearly is still necessary for women.
  • Guidelines from the USPSTF indicate that sufficient evidence does not exist for the benefits of this routine screening procedure in women.

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Women's Health: Well-Woman Visits & Cervical Cancer Screening PDF

Description

This quiz covers essential aspects of well-woman visits, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive medical history and health screenings. It addresses factors impacting women's health, including lifestyle choices and the role of pelvic examinations. Understanding these components is crucial for promoting women's health throughout their lives.

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