Weld Inspection and Hardness Testing Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of the side-bend test in weld inspection?

To measure the hardness of the weld material

To reveal internal defects in double-V-groove welds (correct)

To measure the depth of penetration under large load

To assess the mechanical properties of steel

What is hardness in materials related to?

Resistance to plastic deformation (correct)

Ability to conduct electricity

Tensile strength

Ability to withstand high temperatures

What type of indenter is used in the Brinell hardness test?

10mm diameter ball (correct)

Conical indenter

Steel ball with 5000 kg force

Square-based diamond pyramid

How is the Brinell hardness value designated?

By the letters HB Signup and view all the answers

What does the Rockwell hardness tester measure?

Depth of penetration under large load Signup and view all the answers

Which scales are commonly used for testing welds in Rockwell hardness testing?

Rockwell C and Rockwell B Signup and view all the answers

What type of indenter is used in the Vickers hardness test?

Square-based diamond pyramid Signup and view all the answers

What advantage does the Vickers hardness tester have?

Using a wide range of loads Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of hardness given by the Vickers test?

Vickers Pyramid Number (HV) Signup and view all the answers

Which item should be checked to ensure that welders are qualified?

Welder Qualification card Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Welding Procedure Data Sheets?

To ensure that welding parameters are in accordance with approved procedures Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to ensure correct weld sizes?

Measuring the weld sizes with gauges Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of monitoring preheat and interpass temperatures?

To ensure proper material compatibility Signup and view all the answers

What should be done to ensure that electrodes are stored and handled correctly?

Reviewing welding procedure data sheets Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of visual inspection during welding?

Ensuring the use of approved welding procedures Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of visual inspection after welding?

Checking to ensure that all the required welds have been made Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of reviewing welder, welding operator, and tack welder qualifications?

To ensure they are current and applicable to the work being carried out Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of checking the positions of welding?

To ensure that welders only weld joints for which they are qualified Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of checking the base metal type?

Verifying that the materials are compatible Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Weld Inspection Methods

Side-bend test is used to reveal internal defects in double-V-groove welds.
Hardness is a material's resistance to plastic deformation.
Hardness testing is an economical method to assess mechanical properties of steel.
Brinell hardness test uses a 10mm diameter ball with 3000 kg force.
Brinell hardness value is designated by the letters HB.
Rockwell hardness tester measures depth of penetration under large load.
Rockwell C and Rockwell B scales are commonly used for testing welds.
Vickers hardness test uses a square-based diamond pyramid as an indenter.
Vickers hardness tester has the advantage of using a wide range of loads.
Distance between Vickers indentations should be no less than 25 times the indentation size.
The unit of hardness given by the Vickers test is known as the Vickers Pyramid Number (HV).
Vickers hardness test requires measuring the diagonals of the impression in the specimen.

Weld Discontinuities and Their Correction

Large diameter pipes can be repaired using the same method used for external undercut, while small diameter pipes with undercut defects require cutting out the section and preparing a new joint.
Acceptable and unacceptable groove weld profiles are illustrated in Figure 19, with specific criteria for reinforcement, underfill, excessive weld reinforcement, undercut, and overlap.
Concavity in welds is defined as the maximum distance from the face of a concave fillet weld to a line joining the weld toes, with excessive concavity being a concern for fillet and groove welds.
Causes of concavity include operator technique, welding parameters, and position of welding, with corrective measures including adding more weld passes.
Desirable, acceptable, and unacceptable fillet weld profiles are shown in Figure 23, with specific criteria for convexity, excessive undercut, overlap, and insufficient leg.
Weld deficiencies due to insufficient or excessive size and poor profile may be detected by visual examination or using suitable gauges, as illustrated in Figure 25.
The leg and throat size of concave fillet welds can be measured with fillet weld gauges, while only the leg size of convex fillet welds can be measured with fillet weld gauges.
Out-of-line weld beads can result in incomplete joint penetration, requiring the removal of the weld from one side by grinding or gouging and the depositing of a new weld.
Incomplete fusion refers to the failure to fuse between weld metal and fusion faces or adjoining weld beads, and may occur at any point in the welding groove or fillet weld.
Factors contributing to incomplete fusion include improper electrode selection, welding parameters, manipulation of the electrode, cleaning of material, joint design, and poor joint preparation and fit-up.
Figure 30 illustrates how a narrow V-groove weld inhibits electrode manipulation, while a wider V-groove allows for electrode manipulation.
Nondestructive testing (NDT) methods capable of detecting discontinuities below the surface are best suited to detect out-of-line weld beads.

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Description

Test your knowledge of weld inspection methods and hardness testing with this quiz. Learn about different hardness testing techniques such as Brinell, Rockwell, and Vickers, and their applications in evaluating the quality of welds.