Weights and Measurement Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate weight of a US Ton in kilograms?

  • 907.185kg (correct)
  • 1016kg
  • 2204.62lbs
  • 2240lbs

According to the content, how many kilograms are in one hundredweight?

  • 1016kg
  • 2240lbs
  • 50kg (correct)
  • 1000kg

What is the approximate weight, in kilograms, of an Imperial Ton (or 'long Ton' in the USA)

  • 1016kg (correct)
  • 2000lbs
  • 907.185kg
  • 2204.62lbs

Which of the following units is NOT a base unit in the International System of Units (SI)?

<p>Weight (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these commonly used weight units uses the symbol ‘t’?

<p>Metric tonne (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When marking lifting equipment, what is the maximum decimal place allowed for fractions of a tonne according to the SI system?

<p>One decimal place (e.g. 2.1t) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent of 2.5t in terms of kilograms?

<p>2500kg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conversion is NOT correct based on the content provided?

<p>1 tonne (metric) = 2240lbs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which crack detection method is considered more accurate and efficient than dye penetrant?

<p>Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of dye penetrant crack detection?

<p>To detect surface defects that break the surface of a material (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which crack detection method is particularly suitable for inspecting large areas efficiently?

<p>Dye Penetrant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which crack detection method is considered most effective for detecting surface flaws in ferrous materials?

<p>Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for using high-tech software and detection equipment in eddy current testing?

<p>To improve the accuracy of the results (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which crack detection method is best suited for detecting internal defects, such as voids or inclusions, within a material?

<p>Ultrasonic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between dye penetrant and MPI crack detection?

<p>MPI is more accurate than dye penetrant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following crack detection methods require trained operatives to interpret the results?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the working load limit (WLL) of a two-leg sling with an included angle of 110 degrees, in relation to the WLL of a single leg?

<p>1.0 x WLL of a single leg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the working load limit (WLL) of a four-leg sling with an included angle of 30 degrees, in relation to the WLL of a single leg?

<p>2.1 x WLL of a single leg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the working load limit of a four-leg sling according to the content?

<p>It can be equal to a three-leg sling or lower, depending on the standard used and whether the load might be taken by only three of the four legs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential danger associated with three-leg slings at angles greater than 90 degrees?

<p>Users may misinterpret the ‘included angle’ as the angle between the legs instead of the angle to the vertical, leading to an incorrect load calculation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum working load limit (WLL) of a multi-leg sling with more than two legs in Australia?

<p>The same as a two-leg sling with an included angle of 60 degrees. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended included angle for a two-leg sling when calculating its working load limit (WLL)?

<p>60 degrees (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following sling configurations is NOT mentioned in the content as having a specific working load limit?

<p>Five leg sling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the lower working load limit of a two-leg sling at angles greater than 45 degrees?

<p>The angle reduces the effective lifting force. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equivalent of 2 Ton 1 cwt in kilograms?

<p>2050kg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the generally accepted rule for marking the SWL of equipment less than one tonne or Ton?

<p>Marked in kilograms or pounds, respectively (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an important legal document associated with new equipment?

<p>Conformity documentation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the major reason why proof load testing might not be suitable for some equipment?

<p>The equipment is too sensitive to damage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lifting equipment is mentioned as often being verified by its individual components rather than requiring additional testing?

<p>Grade 8 mechanically assembled chain slings (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a requirement for new equipment to comply with?

<p>Industry best practices (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the SWL of new equipment typically expressed?

<p>In both metric and imperial units (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of lifting accessories, what does 'SWL' stand for?

<p>Safe Working Load (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What method is recommended for rating multipurpose slings to ensure safety?

<p>Uniform load method (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the working load limit (WLL) for a two-leg sling calculated?

<p>2 x WLL of a single leg x cos β (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about slings designed for a single purpose is correct?

<p>They can be rated by both the uniform load and trigonometric methods. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be done if a multi-leg sling is used with fewer legs than its designed capacity?

<p>The safe working load must be reduced. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one benefit of the uniform load method of rating slings?

<p>It eliminates the need for estimating angles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the trigonometric method for rating slings?

<p>It can only be used for specific national standards. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the uniform load method favored by many national and international standards?

<p>It enhances safety and simplifies procedures. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should the trigonometric method still be considered for slings?

<p>When national standards explicitly permit its use. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the required accuracy for chain testing according to BS EN 818-1?

<p>±1% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to ISO 7500-1, how often should test machines and load cells be calibrated and verified by a competent person or authority?

<p>Every 12 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum allowable inaccuracy for applied load/force during testing, according to the text?

<p>±2% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does "Grade 0.5" refer to in the text?

<p>The accuracy of the test equipment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the "Lower Limit of Calibration"?

<p>The minimum force that can be measured accurately by the test machine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main responsibility of the person performing a load test, as outlined in the text?

<p>Ensuring the applied load meets the requirements of the standard being used (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does LEEA Technical Requirements emphasize regarding measuring devices?

<p>They must be checked and verified at appropriate periods (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most likely type of verification required for tapes and rules, according to the text?

<p>Visual inspection for damage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Unit of Measure

A standardized quantity used to determine multiple quantities of a physical property.

International System of Units (SI)

The most widely used system of units that includes seven base units from which all other units are derived.

SI Base Units

The seven fundamental units in the International System, which are used to derive all other units.

Kilogram (kg)

The base unit of mass in the SI system, equivalent to 1000 grams.

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Tonne (t)

A metric unit of mass equal to 1000 kilograms, often referred to as a metric ton.

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Imperial Ton

A unit of measure in the imperial system equal to 1016 kilograms or 2240 pounds.

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Hundredweight (cwt)

A unit of measure in both imperial and U.S. systems, equivalent to 50 kilograms.

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US Ton (Short Ton)

A unit of weight equal to 2000 pounds or about 907.185 kilograms.

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SWL

Safe Working Load; the maximum load safe to carry.

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1 Ton

1 Ton equals approximately 1000 kg. Also called 1 tonne.

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Load Limit Conversion

2 Ton 1 cwt equals 2050 kg, rounded to 2t.

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Verification Methods

Procedures to confirm equipment meets safety standards.

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New Equipment Verification

New items must follow health and safety legislation for testing.

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Proof Load Testing

Testing method to ensure equipment can support its SWL.

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Conformity Documentation

Legal papers showing equipment meets standards.

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Verification Types

Different methods used to confirm accuracy and compliance of equipment.

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Test Machines

Machines used to apply specific loads for testing standards.

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Force Measuring Equipment

Devices that measure the amount of load or force applied.

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Calibration

The process of adjusting equipment to meet established standards.

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ISO 7500-1

International standard specifying calibration requirements for testing machines.

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Accuracy Levels

Grades of precision for load testing: ±0.5%, ±1%, ±2%.

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Lower Limit of Calibration

The minimum load that can be accurately measured by the equipment.

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Load Testing Awareness

Understanding the limitations of testing machines and accuracy requirements.

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Uniform Load Method

A simplified method for rating slings based on equal load distribution without angle estimation.

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Working Load Limit (WLL)

The maximum load a sling is designed to safely lift under specific conditions.

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Trigonometric Method

A method of rating slings using angles and cosines for load calculation based on sling legs.

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Multi-Leg Sling

A sling with multiple legs designed to support heavy loads in lifting applications.

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Rating Reduction for Legs

Safe working load must be adjusted if not all sling legs are used for lifting.

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Single Leg Sling Calculation

For a single leg sling, the working load limit is simply 1.0 times the WLL.

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Cosine Adjustment

For multi-leg slings, the WLL is multiplied by the cosine of the angle to ensure safety.

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Safety Standards for Slings

National and international guidelines that regulate safe usage and rating of lifting equipment.

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Precision Measuring Equipment

Tools that require regular checks to ensure accuracy.

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Crack Detection

Methods used to find defects in materials, especially welds.

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Basic Crack Detection Methods

Includes dye penetrant and magnetic particle tests.

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Dye Penetrant Testing

A method to locate surface cracks using a liquid penetrant.

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Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI)

Detects surface flaws in magnetic materials using a magnetic field.

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Eddy Current Testing

Finds small flaws in materials using electromagnetic fields.

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Radiography

A detailed crack detection method using x-rays or gamma rays.

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Ultrasonic Testing

Uses high-frequency sound waves to detect internal flaws.

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Single Leg Sling WLL

The working load limit of a single leg sling is equal to 1.0 x WLL of a single leg.

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Two Leg Sling WLL (0-45°)

For a two leg sling at an angle of 0-45°, its WLL is 1.4 times the WLL of a single leg.

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Two Leg Sling WLL (45°-60°)

For a two leg sling at an angle of 45°-60°, its WLL is equal to 1.0 x WLL of a single leg.

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Three/Four Leg Sling WLL (0-45°)

For a three or four leg sling at 0-45°, its WLL is 2.1 times the WLL of a single leg.

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Three/Four Leg Sling WLL (45°-60°)

For a three or four leg sling at 45°-60°, its WLL is 1.5 times the WLL of a single leg.

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Multipurpose Four-Leg Sling

Rated the same as a three-leg sling to account for weight distribution.

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National Standards for Slings

Some standards allow load rating based on only two carry legs, affecting safety assumptions.

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WLL Limit in Australia

In Australia, multi-leg slings with more than two legs are rated the same as a two-leg sling at 60° angle.

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Study Notes

Units of Measure

  • A unit of measure is a standardized quantity of a physical property used to determine multiple quantities of that property.
  • Examples include weight, length, mass, and force.
  • Different systems of units are based on fundamental units.
  • The International System of Units (SI) is the most widely used system, with seven base units.
  • Other SI units are derived from these base units.
  • When marking lifting equipment using the SI system, fractions of a tonne (e.g., 2.1t) use one decimal place, except for 0.25t, which uses two decimal places (e.g., 2.25t).

Symbols and Conversions

  • Ton (US): T = 2000 lbs = 907.185 kg = 0.907t (metric)
  • Tonne (Metric): t = 1000 kg = 2204.62 lbs
  • Ton (Imperial): 1016 kg = 2240 lbs
  • Hundredweight (cwt): 50 kg

Other Useful Conversions

  • 1 kg = 2.2 lbs
  • 1 inch = 25.4 mm
  • 1 foot = 12 inches
  • 10 kN ≈ 1000 kg

Types of Verification

  • Verification of lifting equipment ensures it meets standards, legal requirements, and safety.
  • Verification procedures include proof load tests, non-destructive tests, calculations, and thorough examinations.

Test Machines and Force/Load Measuring Equipment

  • Product standards often specify the accuracy required for load or force applications.
  • Calibration and verification of test machines and load cells must be performed by a competent person.
  • ISO 7500-1 defines various classes of machines with different levels of accuracy (e.g., 0.5, 1.0, 2.0).
  • Certificates of calibration and verification indicate accuracy information.
  • The Lower Limit of Calibration (load/force) is the minimum value that can be measured within the required accuracy.

Dimensional Measuring Equipment

  • Basic measuring equipment, such as tapes and rules, is often used.
  • Graduation should be based on national standards, in 1 mm increments for standard items, and 0.1 mm for general lifting equipment using vernier gauges.

Crack Detection

  • Basic crack detection methods like dye penetrant or magnetic particle inspection are common.
  • More detailed methods like eddy current, radiography, and ultrasonic inspections are used for high-value or specialized scenarios, needing more advanced training.

Hardness - Brinell Testing

  • Measuring equipment hardness using indentations (Vickers, Brinell, Rockwell) is performed, often after heat treatments.
  • Brinell is a standard method in lifting equipment manufacturing.

Marking Lifting Equipment

  • Permanent markings are essential.
  • Marking should occur in low-stress areas to prevent damage.
  • Use suitable materials (plate, metal tab, etc.).
  • Ensure compliance with applicable standards for sizing and location of markings.

Trigonometry of Slinging

  • Increased angles between sling legs in multi-leg slings results in increased load on the respective legs.
  • Uniform load method ratings exist for different angles and are commonly marked using included angle. Slings can also be rated for angle to the vertical.
  • Trigonometric method, while previously common, may be less common now and depends on existing standards.

Mode Factor

  • A mode factor, calculated using the cosine of the angle from vertical to the sling leg, is used to determine the new working load limit (WLL) of a sling.
  • This factor usually modifies the WLL of single sling legs to reflect their contribution to the overall load in multi-leg or multi-sling applications.

Multi-Leg Sling User Information

  • When fewer legs are attached to a load, the WLL should be proportionally reduced.
  • Proper rating of lifting accessories, including multi-leg slings, are essential to ensure safe operations.

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