Week 4 - Mitosis Flashcards

A type of cell division where a parent cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells.

Tightly coiled DNA wrapped around histones - highly condensed chromatin.

Region of a chromosome to which spindle fibers attach, via the kinetochore, during cell division.

<p>An organelle near the nucleus of a cell, which contains centrioles and from which spindle fibers develop during cell division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Reproduction of unicellular organisms; 2. Formation of gametes (human egg and sperm cells); 3. Growth and repair of tissue.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nondisjunction - This is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division. One daughter cell could have missing or extra chromosomes due to the failure to separate properly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA is stored as chromatin, which condenses to form chromosomes during cell division. Chromatin is a complex of DNA and histone proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Two genetically identical daughter cells; genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During the S-phase of interphase. Genetic material is replicated so that daughter cells will each receive a complete copy of the parent cell's genetic information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During interphase, chromatin appears in its least condensed form - appearing loosely distributed throughout the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes (sister chromatids joined by central centromere) supercoil. The chromosomes become visible due to the chromatin condensation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes become visible; Formation of mitotic spindle fiber from the centrosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromatin condenses and becomes visible; Homologous chromosomes form bivalents/tetrads - form synapses. Cross-over occurs forming chiasmata at point of crossover. Spindle microtubules form from the centrosomes. The nuclear envelope and nucleolus break down and disappear. Centrosomes migrate to opposite pole ends of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes continue to condense; Centrioles replicate; Kinetochores appear at the centromeres; Mitotic spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>During metaphase, the cell's chromosomes align themselves at the metaphase plate. The chromosomes, which have been replicated and remain joined at a central point called the centromere, are aligned so that the centromeres are oriented facing the centrosomes at the opposite poles; The mitotic spindle fiber begins to contract.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate; Each sister chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber, originating from opposite poles. Mitotic fibers attach to kinetochore of centromere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes break at centromeres, and each sister chromatid moves to opposite poles of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Centromere splits into two; Sister chromatids (now chromosomes) are pulled by motor proteins and the condensation of the spindle fibers to opposite poles of the cell; Spindle fibers begin to elongate the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromatids uncoil and decondense back into chromatin form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chromosomes arrive at opposite pole ends; Decondensation of chromosomes occurs; The mitotic spindle fiber breaks down and disappears; Nuclear envelope reforms around each set of chromosomes; Nucleolus reforms at each pole; Cytokinesis occurs in conjunction with telophase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytoplasm is divided between the two daughter cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers