Questions and Answers
What is the pharmacologic class of sodium chloride?
What is the usual dose of isotonic sodium chloride?
1 L of 0.9% NaCl
What is the common use of 0.45% sodium chloride?
Hydration and the treatment of hyperosmolar diabetes
Name one contraindication for using hypertonic sodium chloride solutions.
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What is the pharmacologic class of Coreg?
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What is the usual dose for Coreg?
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Coreg is indicated for the treatment of __________.
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Name a side effect of Coreg.
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What nursing implication is important before administering Coreg?
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Study Notes
Sodium Chloride
- Pharmacologic Class: Mineral and electrolyte replacements/supplements.
- Clinical uses: Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte status; used in conditions with excessive losses or severe salt restriction.
- Usual Dose:
- 0.9% NaCl (isotonic): 1 L (150 mEq sodium/L).
- 0.45% NaCl (hypotonic): 1-2 L (75 mEq sodium/L).
- 3% and 5% NaCl (hypertonic): 100 mL over 1 hour; contains higher concentrations of sodium.
- Common uses for 0.9% NaCl: Replacement therapy, management of metabolic alkalosis, priming fluid for hemodialysis, starting and ending blood transfusions.
- Contraindications for hypertonic solutions: Not suitable for patients with elevated or normal sodium levels, fluid retention, or hypernatremia.
- Notable side effects: Heart failure, pulmonary edema, hypernatremia, hypervolemia, hypokalemia.
- Nursing Implications: Monitor for serious electrolyte imbalances; avoid confusion between concentrated sodium chloride and saline flush solutions.
Coreg (Carvedilol)
- Pharmacologic Class: Beta blockers.
- Clinical Class: Antihypertensives.
- Usual Dose:
- Increased after 3-10 days to 12.5 mg twice daily.
- Target dose: 25 mg twice daily; extended-release: 20 mg once daily, can be doubled every 3-10 days up to 80 mg once daily.
- Indications:
- Management of hypertension.
- Heart failure (ischemic or cardiomyopathic), generally used with digoxin, diuretics, and ACE inhibitors.
- Left ventricular dysfunction post-myocardial infarction.
- Contraindications:
- History of severe hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., Stevens-Johnson syndrome).
- Conditions like pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, bradycardia, or uncompensated heart failure requiring IV agents.
- Severe hepatic impairment or asthma.
- Common side effects: Dizziness, fatigue, anxiety, depression, drowsiness, insomnia, mental status changes, and blurred vision.
- Nursing Implications: Measure apical pulse before administration to ensure patient safety.
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Description
Test your knowledge on drug classifications and dosages with this Week 3 flashcard quiz. Focus on sodium chloride and its various forms, indications, and administration guidelines. Perfect for nursing or pharmacology students.
