Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of error is caused by variations that can distort data in one direction and introduce bias?
Which type of error is caused by variations that can distort data in one direction and introduce bias?
- Systematic error (correct)
- Biological differences
- Random error
- Measurement error
Which type of variable is characterized by a defined, continuous measurement scale?
Which type of variable is characterized by a defined, continuous measurement scale?
- Random error
- Quantitative Characteristic (correct)
- Qualitative Characteristic
- Nominal variables
What is the possible cause of variation in Clinical Medicine related to the presence or absence of disease?
What is the possible cause of variation in Clinical Medicine related to the presence or absence of disease?
- Different techniques of measurement
- Presence or absence of disease (correct)
- Random variation
- Different conditions of measurement
Which type of characteristic is described by features and words rather than numbers?
Which type of characteristic is described by features and words rather than numbers?
Which type of variable is based on measurement scales or rank orders and assigns numbers that have a coherent meaning?
Which type of variable is based on measurement scales or rank orders and assigns numbers that have a coherent meaning?
What type of variable are naming or categoric variables not based on measurement scales or rank orders?
What type of variable are naming or categoric variables not based on measurement scales or rank orders?
Which of the following is an example of a dichotomous variable?
Which of the following is an example of a dichotomous variable?
What type of variable is skin color?
What type of variable is skin color?
In which type of variable does 0 degrees indicate absolute zero?
In which type of variable does 0 degrees indicate absolute zero?
Which of the following is an example of a ratio variable?
Which of the following is an example of a ratio variable?
What type of variable is satisfaction with care (e.g. very satisfied, fairly satisfied)?
What type of variable is satisfaction with care (e.g. very satisfied, fairly satisfied)?
Which type of variable shares characteristics of both discrete and continuous variables?
Which type of variable shares characteristics of both discrete and continuous variables?
What type of variable is blood pressure (systolic & diastolic)?
What type of variable is blood pressure (systolic & diastolic)?
Which type of variable is occupation?
Which type of variable is occupation?
What type of variable is the scale of 0-10 for pain, with 0 for no pain and 10 for worst imaginable pain?
What type of variable is the scale of 0-10 for pain, with 0 for no pain and 10 for worst imaginable pain?
Which type of variable does satisfaction with care and amount of swelling in a patient’s legs illustrate?
Which type of variable does satisfaction with care and amount of swelling in a patient’s legs illustrate?
Quantitative Characteristic (Quantitative data) is characterized using a defined, continuous measurement scale. For example, ______ & ______ blood pressure, Serum sodium level
Quantitative Characteristic (Quantitative data) is characterized using a defined, continuous measurement scale. For example, ______ & ______ blood pressure, Serum sodium level
Systematic error is caused by variations that can distort data in one direction and can introduce ______. For example, weighing patients while wearing shoes
Systematic error is caused by variations that can distort data in one direction and can introduce ______. For example, weighing patients while wearing shoes
Nominal variables are naming or categoric variables that are not based on measurement scales or rank orders. Numbers assigned to nominal variables are merely numerical names but size of the number has no ______ meaning
Nominal variables are naming or categoric variables that are not based on measurement scales or rank orders. Numbers assigned to nominal variables are merely numerical names but size of the number has no ______ meaning
Qualitative Characteristic (Qualitative data) is described by features, words rather than ______
Qualitative Characteristic (Qualitative data) is described by features, words rather than ______
Random error is caused by random variation, slight, inevitable inaccuracies in measurement and does not introduce ______. For example, Blood pressure
Random error is caused by random variation, slight, inevitable inaccuracies in measurement and does not introduce ______. For example, Blood pressure
Possible causes of variation in Clinical Medicine include Biological differences, Presence or absence of disease, Stages or extent of disease, Different conditions of measurement, Different techniques of measurement, Measurement error, ______ variation
Possible causes of variation in Clinical Medicine include Biological differences, Presence or absence of disease, Stages or extent of disease, Different conditions of measurement, Different techniques of measurement, Measurement error, ______ variation
Blood groups, Occupation, Food groups, Skin color are examples of ______ variables
Blood groups, Occupation, Food groups, Skin color are examples of ______ variables
Variables with only two levels, such as Normal/Abnormal, Male/Female, Well/Sick, Living/Dead, are known as ______ variables
Variables with only two levels, such as Normal/Abnormal, Male/Female, Well/Sick, Living/Dead, are known as ______ variables
Data characterized in terms of three or more qualitative values that have a clearly implied direction from better to worse are called ______ variables
Data characterized in terms of three or more qualitative values that have a clearly implied direction from better to worse are called ______ variables
Measurable data on continuous measurement scales that show the position of different observations relative to each other and the extent to which one observation differs from another are known as ______ variables
Measurable data on continuous measurement scales that show the position of different observations relative to each other and the extent to which one observation differs from another are known as ______ variables
Variables derived from a continuous scale with a true 0 point are referred to as ______ variables
Variables derived from a continuous scale with a true 0 point are referred to as ______ variables
Variables that share some characteristics of both discrete and continuous variables, created by ratio of counts in the numerator to counts in the denominator, are known as ______ variables
Variables that share some characteristics of both discrete and continuous variables, created by ratio of counts in the numerator to counts in the denominator, are known as ______ variables
The conditional probability of an event (e.g. death or disease) in a defined population in a definite period is an example of higher ______
The conditional probability of an event (e.g. death or disease) in a defined population in a definite period is an example of higher ______
Temperature in Kelvin is an example of a ______ variable
Temperature in Kelvin is an example of a ______ variable
Gender (Male/Female) is an example of a ______ variable
Gender (Male/Female) is an example of a ______ variable
Blood pressure (Systolic & Diastolic) is an example of a ______ variable
Blood pressure (Systolic & Diastolic) is an example of a ______ variable
Flashcards
Systematic Error
Systematic Error
Error that distorts data in one consistent direction, leading to bias.
Random Error
Random Error
Error resulting from chance inaccuracies in measurement, without introducing bias.
Continuous Variables
Continuous Variables
Variables with a continuous scale where values can take any number within a range.
Nominal Variables
Nominal Variables
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Ordinal Variables
Ordinal Variables
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Dichotomous Variables
Dichotomous Variables
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Discrete Variables
Discrete Variables
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Blood Pressure
Blood Pressure
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Skin Color
Skin Color
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Pain (0-10)
Pain (0-10)
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Ratio Variables
Ratio Variables
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Sick-to-Healthy Ratio
Sick-to-Healthy Ratio
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Qualitative Variables
Qualitative Variables
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Variations in Clinical Medicine
Variations in Clinical Medicine
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Measurement Error
Measurement Error
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Examples of Qualitative Data
Examples of Qualitative Data
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Method of measurement
Method of measurement
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Qualitative data features
Qualitative data features
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Complex Measurements
Complex Measurements
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Biological Differences
Biological Differences
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Presence/Absence of Disease
Presence/Absence of Disease
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Stages of a Disease
Stages of a Disease
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Measurement Technique
Measurement Technique
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Measurement Error
Measurement Error
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Variables that Express Characteristics
Variables that Express Characteristics
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Discrete Values
Discrete Values
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Continuous measurement scale
Continuous measurement scale
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Nominal Scale
Nominal Scale
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Ordinal scales
Ordinal scales
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Dichotomous scale
Dichotomous scale
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Study Notes
Types of Errors
- Systematic error distorts data in one direction, introducing bias.
- Random error arises from inevitable inaccuracies in measurement, not introducing bias.
Variables and Measurement Scales
- Continuous variables have a defined measurement scale where values can take any number within a range.
- Nominal variables consist of categories without a measurement scale; numbers assigned have no meaningful size.
- Ordinal variables are based on rank orders, where numbers convey a coherent meaning tied to their rank.
- Dichotomous variables have only two levels (e.g., Normal/Abnormal, Male/Female).
- Discrete variables have distinct, separate values, not allowing for fractional values.
- Continuous variables allow for any value in a given range, represented by a measurement scale.
Characteristics of Specific Variables
- Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) is an example of a continuous variable.
- Skin color is categorized as a nominal variable.
- The scale of 0-10 for pain is an example of an ordinal variable, indicating levels of severity.
- Ratio variables have a true zero point, where 0 indicates an absolute absence of the measured characteristic (e.g., temperature in Kelvin).
- Variables illustrating counts or ratios among groups (e.g., ratio of sick to healthy) are classified as ratio variables.
- Qualitative variables (e.g., satisfaction with care) are described using features and words rather than numbers.
Clinical Medicine Variations
- Variation in clinical medicine can stem from biological differences, presence or absence of disease, stages of disease, and measurement techniques.
- Conditions like the method of measurement or measurement error can also contribute to variations seen in clinical findings.
Additional Notes
- Examples of qualitative data features include the identification of blood groups, occupations, or food groups.
- Variables that can express not just quantity but also characteristics often include demographic or health-related factors and can represent complex measurements.
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Description
Explore the concept of variation and distribution in clinical medicine, including possible causes of variation such as biological differences, disease presence or absence, stages of disease, measurement conditions, techniques, and errors. Learn about systematic and random errors in data measurement.
