BIOSTATS: Describing Variation and Distribution of Data in Clinical Medicine

Which type of error is caused by variations that can distort data in one direction and introduce bias?

Which type of variable is characterized by a defined, continuous measurement scale?

What is the possible cause of variation in Clinical Medicine related to the presence or absence of disease?

Which type of characteristic is described by features and words rather than numbers?

Which type of variable is based on measurement scales or rank orders and assigns numbers that have a coherent meaning?

What type of variable are naming or categoric variables not based on measurement scales or rank orders?

Which of the following is an example of a dichotomous variable?

What type of variable is skin color?

In which type of variable does 0 degrees indicate absolute zero?

Which of the following is an example of a ratio variable?

What type of variable is satisfaction with care (e.g. very satisfied, fairly satisfied)?

Which type of variable shares characteristics of both discrete and continuous variables?

What type of variable is blood pressure (systolic & diastolic)?

Which type of variable is occupation?

What type of variable is the scale of 0-10 for pain, with 0 for no pain and 10 for worst imaginable pain?

Which type of variable does satisfaction with care and amount of swelling in a patient’s legs illustrate?

Quantitative Characteristic (Quantitative data) is characterized using a defined, continuous measurement scale. For example, ______ & ______ blood pressure, Serum sodium level

Systematic error is caused by variations that can distort data in one direction and can introduce ______. For example, weighing patients while wearing shoes

Nominal variables are naming or categoric variables that are not based on measurement scales or rank orders. Numbers assigned to nominal variables are merely numerical names but size of the number has no ______ meaning

Qualitative Characteristic (Qualitative data) is described by features, words rather than ______

Random error is caused by random variation, slight, inevitable inaccuracies in measurement and does not introduce ______. For example, Blood pressure

Possible causes of variation in Clinical Medicine include Biological differences, Presence or absence of disease, Stages or extent of disease, Different conditions of measurement, Different techniques of measurement, Measurement error, ______ variation

Blood groups, Occupation, Food groups, Skin color are examples of ______ variables

Variables with only two levels, such as Normal/Abnormal, Male/Female, Well/Sick, Living/Dead, are known as ______ variables

Data characterized in terms of three or more qualitative values that have a clearly implied direction from better to worse are called ______ variables

Measurable data on continuous measurement scales that show the position of different observations relative to each other and the extent to which one observation differs from another are known as ______ variables

Variables derived from a continuous scale with a true 0 point are referred to as ______ variables

Variables that share some characteristics of both discrete and continuous variables, created by ratio of counts in the numerator to counts in the denominator, are known as ______ variables

The conditional probability of an event (e.g. death or disease) in a defined population in a definite period is an example of higher ______

Temperature in Kelvin is an example of a ______ variable

Gender (Male/Female) is an example of a ______ variable

Blood pressure (Systolic & Diastolic) is an example of a ______ variable