Week 1 - Cells and Tissues

Which of the following structures are found in the respiratory system?

The lymphatic system is responsible for the production and transport of red blood cells.

Which of these is NOT one of the primary functions of the liver?

The adrenal medulla is responsible for the production of the hormone cortisol.

The ______ is the functional unit of the kidney, responsible for filtering waste and regulating blood composition.

What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds a muscle fiber?

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for controlling voluntary movements like walking or writing.

Which of the following is a type of joint that allows only limited movement?

What is the primary function of the cerebellum?

Match the following endocrine glands with their primary hormones:

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the integumentary system?

The arrector pili muscle is responsible for causing goose bumps.

What is the name of the process that leads to the formation of a gamete (sperm or egg) with half the number of chromosomes?

Which of the following events occurs during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

Week 1 - Cells and Tissues

Prokaryota lack a nucleus, organized with a membrane envelope, contain a few cell organelles, tend to be heterotrophic.
Eukaryotes are unicellular or assemblages of similar cells, possess an organized membrane-bound nucleus (e.g. algae and protozoa).
Fungi have protective cell walls made of chitin, are heterotrophic, have multi-nucleated hyphae, produce spores, and secrete enzymes to digest food.
Plants (Plantae) are multicellular eukaryotes, autotrophic, with cellulose cell walls.
Animals (Animalia) are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes, further broken down by phylum (e.g. chordata – vertebrates, nematodes - worms, arthropods - insects, echinoderms - starfish, porifera - sponges).
Cytology is the study of cells.
Cell biology assumes that all living material consists of cells or the products of cells.

Cell Structure

Cell surface membrane has two layers of phospholipids containing other molecules (e.g. proteins).
It acts as a boundary between the cell and surrounding environment, controlling the movement of molecules in and out.
Ribosomes are tiny particles made of RNA and protein, present in large numbers, either attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm; they are the site of protein synthesis.
Endoplasmic reticulum is a system of membrane-bound flattened sacs; rough ER has ribosomes attached, involved in protein transport; smooth ER produces lipids and steroids.
Mitochondria have a double membrane; the inner section (the matrix) contains folds called cristae; the site of cellular respiration, converting energy into ATP (a form of chemical energy).
Golgi apparatus is a type of endoplasmic reticulum forming membrane-bound flattened sacs, processing and modifying biochemicals.
Lysosomes are spherical sacs surrounding digestive enzymes, involved in cell waste disposal (autophagy and autolysis).
Microfilaments and microtubules are rod-like structures made of proteins, which provide support and aid movement.

This quiz explores the foundational concepts of cells and tissues, including the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It covers the characteristics of various organisms, such as fungi, plants, and animals. Test your understanding of cytology and cell biology fundamentals.