Questions and Answers
What was the primary early use of ARPANet?
Which organization sponsored the creation of NSFNet?
What was CSNET primarily established for?
What year did TCP/IP become the standard for computer network communications?
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Which network replaced ARPANet for most nonmilitary uses by 1990?
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How many computers were connected globally by NSFNet by 1992?
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What type of network did BITNET provide initially?
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What crucial technology allows diverse devices to communicate over the Internet?
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Which of the following statements is true about Web Services?
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What are the fundamental components of XML?
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How is JSON primarily characterized as a data format?
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What is one key advantage of using attributes in XML?
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Which of the following best describes the use of JSON compared to XML?
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What is the primary purpose of a web browser?
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Which of the following statements about web servers is correct?
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Which component is NOT part of a request message in HTTP?
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What does HTTP stand for?
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What is the primary purpose of the POST method in HTTP?
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Which HTTP method is intended for making partial modifications to a resource?
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Which HTTP method is used to request a representation of a specified resource?
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Which of the following methods is considered safe and does not cause side effects?
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What is a typical structure of a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)?
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What is the function of the HEAD method in HTTP?
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How many categories of HTTP response status codes are there, as defined in the content?
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What is a common use of cookies in web applications?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of URL?
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Which HTTP method is primarily used to delete a specified resource?
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What does the HTTP method TRACE do?
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In terms of scalability, what is a crucial property of HTTP?
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What is the primary role of server-side processing in web development?
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Which of the following languages is commonly used for client-side processing?
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Which of the following best describes AJAX?
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What is a significant drawback of using AJAX in web applications?
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What is the purpose of a web service in web development?
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Which technology is NOT included as part of the AJAX framework?
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Which of the following is a common task performed during client-side processing?
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Which language is NOT typically used for server-side processing?
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Study Notes
Introduction to the Internet
- The Internet is a vast network of interconnected computers of various sizes and types, established through protocols like TCP/IP since 1982.
- ARPANet, initiated in 1969, connected research institutions and universities using packet switching for text-based communications.
- BITNET (Because It’s Time Network) was created for electronic mail and file transfers, starting at the City University of New York.
- CSNET (Computer Science Network) connected key educational and research entities to facilitate electronic mail services.
- NSFNet launched in 1986, connected supercomputer centers at universities, replaced ARPANet by 1990, and linked over one million computers globally by 1992.
Understanding Web Technologies
- Web browsers are applications that retrieve, display, and navigate content on the World Wide Web, key examples include Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox.
- A web server can refer to the computer or the software that handles HTTP requests and responses.
- HTML is a markup language that structures web pages but is not a programming language.
- URIs serve to name and locate resources, consisting of the protocol type, machine name, directory path, and file name.
- HTTP is a client-server application protocol facilitating communication and resource requests through methods like GET and POST.
HTTP Methods and Responses
- Common HTTP request methods include:
- HEAD: Returns headers without the message body.
- GET: Retrieves resources; should not modify data.
- POST: Submits data, potentially altering the server state.
- PUT: Replaces existing resource representations.
- DELETE: Removes specified resources.
- Response codes categorize outcomes:
- 1xx: Informational
- 2xx: Success
- 3xx: Redirection
- 4xx: Client Error
- 5xx: Server Error
- HTTP is stateless, meaning servers do not retain client session information between requests.
Cookies and Session Management
- Cookies are small text files stored by web browsers, containing information like user preferences and sent with each server request.
- Techniques for maintaining sessions include cookies, sessions, hidden variables, and URL parameters.
Website Architecture
- Server-side processing involves the server handling requests and generating dynamic web pages before sending them to the client.
- Client-side processing often relies on JavaScript for tasks like user input validation or interactive web features.
Programming Languages for Web Development
- Server-side languages include PHP, ASP.NET, and Python, while client-side technologies involve HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
- These languages are crucial for developing responsive and interactive web applications.
AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)
- AJAX combines several technologies, allowing web applications to communicate with servers asynchronously, enhancing user experience.
- It facilitates real-time updates without full page reloads, though it has drawbacks like breaking browser history and potential security risks.
Web Services
- Web services enable machine-to-machine interaction over a network, functioning as APIs accessible via standard protocols like HTTP.
- They utilize formats like XML and are platform-independent, supporting various communication styles such as RPC, SOAP, and REST.
XML (eXtensible Markup Language)
- XML is a markup language used for information exchange, structured with elements and attributes to represent data efficiently.
- Elements are hierarchical structures, enhancing data organization and readability.
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
- JSON is a lightweight, language-independent data interchange format, vastly used as an alternative to XML.
- It simplifies data representation with a syntax that's easy to read and write, making it popular in web applications.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of Web Systems and Technologies, focusing on the Internet's definition, functionality, and associated technologies like AJAX, XML, and JSON. You'll explore the historical context with ARPANet and understand key concepts in web systems. Test your knowledge and see how well you grasp these important topics!
