Web Server Programming Basics
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Web Server Programming Basics

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Questions and Answers

What does the URL 'http://www.facebook.com/home.php' specify?

  • A program to run and return output (correct)
  • An image file
  • A static web page
  • A database query

    • Server-side scripting allows users to view the server code from their browser.

    False

    What does PHP stand for?

    PHP Hypertext Preprocessor

    The software that handles server-side programming and sends responses is called a ______.

    <p>web server</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following server-side programming languages with their characteristics:

    <p>PHP = Used for dynamic web content ASP.NET = Framework developed by Microsoft Ruby on Rails = MVC framework for web applications Perl = High-level programming language suitable for text processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of server-side programming?

    <p>Direct access to the client’s local storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Apache is an example of web server software.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are commonly known purposes of server-side scripting?

    <p>Dynamically edit pages, respond to user queries, access databases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct result of the following operation: $5 + '7'?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In PHP, strings within single quotes interpret variables inside them.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operator is used for string concatenation in PHP?

    <p>.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In PHP, the function to calculate the length of a string is called ______.

    <p>strlen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the PHP string functions with their Java equivalents:

    <p>strlen = length strpos = indexOf substr = substring strtolower = toLowerCase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the following code print? print 'You are $age years old. ';

    <p>You are $age years old.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PHP uses zero-based indexing for string access.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output of this code: print 'Ethiopian cuisine';?

    <p>Ethiopian cuisine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function is used to get the current month in PHP?

    <p>date('F', time())</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In PHP, a for loop can be used to create a list of equations.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output format for the squares of numbers 1-12 in PHP?

    <p>1 * 1 = 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a multiplication table created with loops, the first row typically contains the values of ______.

    <p>1 to 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following PHP concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>For loop = Used to repeat a block of code a specified number of times Nested loops = A loop inside another loop for multidimensional data Date function = Retrieves the current date or month HTML table = A structure used to display data in rows and columns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will be printed if the variable $age is not defined when trying to print 'Today is your $ageth birthday.'?

    <p>Today is your th birthday.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    $name = NULL; if (isset($name)) will evaluate to TRUE.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a for loop, how do you increment the variable $i by 1 in each iteration?

    <p>$i++</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In PHP, the __________ statement is used for conditional branching.

    <p>if/else</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following data types with their example values:

    <p>Integer = 7 Float = 3.14 Boolean = TRUE String = 'Hello'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following values is considered FALSE in PHP?

    <p>0.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The division of two integers always results in an integer in PHP.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What will the following code print: echo (bool) 0;

    <p>nothing (an empty string)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The PHP function __________ returns the square root of a number.

    <p>sqrt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output of the following code: for ($i = 0; $i < 3; $i++) { print $i; }?

    <p>012</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is NOT true about PHP?

    <p>PHP can only be used for backend development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PHP variables are case insensitive.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function used to print output to the console in PHP?

    <p>print</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In PHP, all variable names begin with the symbol ______.

    <p>$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the PHP data types with their descriptions:

    <p>int = Integer type for whole numbers float = Floating point type for decimal numbers boolean = Type for true/false values string = Type for sequences of characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which operator is used for division in PHP?

    <p>/</p> Signup and view all the answers

    PHP is a strictly typed programming language.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type is the variable $drinking_age if defined as $drinking_age = $age + 5?

    <p>int</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    URLs and Web Servers

    • Typing a URL into your browser initiates a process involving DNS lookup for the server's IP address, establishing a connection to that address, and requesting the specified file.
    • The web server software, such as Apache, retrieves the file from the server's local file system and sends its content back to your browser.
    • Some URLs point to programs that the web server should run, sending their output back to you as the result.

    Server-side Web Programming

    • Server-side pages are programs written using various web programming languages/frameworks, including PHP, Java/JSP, Ruby on Rails, ASP.NET, Python, and Perl.
    • Server-side scripting, also known as server-side programming, dynamically edits, changes, or adds content to web pages.
    • It also allows responding to user queries, processing data submitted from HTML forms, accessing databases, and returning results to the browser.

    Benefits of Server-side Programming

    • Allows for web page customization for individual users.
    • Provides security as server code cannot be viewed from a browser.

    Web Server

    • Contains software that enables running server-side programs.
    • Sends back their output as responses to web requests.

    What is PHP

    • PHP stands for "PHP Hypertext Preprocessor" and is a server-side scripting language.
    • Used to make web pages dynamic, providing different content based on context, interacting with other services, authenticating users, processing form information, and providing security.
    • PHP code can be embedded within HTML.

    Lifecycle of a PHP Web Request

    • A user's request for a PHP file (e.g., hello.php) is sent to the web server.
    • The server executes the PHP code within the file.
    • The server sends back the generated HTML output to the user's browser.

    Why PHP?

    • PHP is free and open-source.
    • It is compatible with various technologies, as it is used by millions of websites.
    • PHP is a simple language, making it easy to learn and use.

    PHP Basic Syntax

    • PHP code within a .php file is executed between the opening and closing PHP tags (<?php and ?>).
    • All content outside the tags is treated as pure HTML.
    • You can switch between HTML and PHP modes within a file.

    Console Output: print

    • The print function outputs text directly to the console.
    • It's similar to Java's System.out.println.
    • Escape sequences (“ and ) work the same way as in Java.
    • Strings can be enclosed in double quotes (") for variable interpolation or single quotes (') for literal text.

    Variables

    • Variables are declared with a leading dollar sign ($) and assigned values using the = operator.
    • Variable names are case-sensitive.
    • PHP is loosely typed; you don't need to explicitly declare the data type.
    • Basic types include int, float, boolean, string, array, object, and NULL.
    • PHP automatically converts between types in many cases.

    Arithmetic Operators

    • Includes operators like +, -, *, /, %, ++, --, and assignment operators.
    • Many operators automatically convert types, e.g., 5 + "7" results in 12.

    Comments

    • Use hash symbol (#) or double slash (//) for single-line comments.
    • PHP code often uses # comments instead of //.

    String Type

    • String variables are declared with the = operator and hold textual data.
    • Zero-based indexing using square brackets is used to access characters within a string.
    • String concatenation uses the dot (.) operator, not the plus (+) operator.
    • Strings can be in either double quotes (") or single quotes (').

    String Functions

    • PHP provides functions to work with strings, mirroring Java equivalents.
    • These functions include:
      • strlen: Equivalent to Java's length.
      • strpos: Equivalent to Java's indexOf.
      • substr: Equivalent to Java's substring.
      • strtolower, strtoupper: Equivalent to Java's toLowerCase, toUpperCase.
      • trim: Equivalent to Java's trim.
      • explode, implode: Equivalent to Java's split, join.
      • strcmp: Equivalent to Java's compareTo.

    Interpreted Strings

    • Strings enclosed in double quotes ("") are interpreted, meaning variables inside them will be replaced with their values.
    • Strings enclosed in single quotes (') are not interpreted; variable names remain as literal text.
    • If ambiguity is a concern, you can use curly braces {} to enclose a variable within a string.

    NULL, isset Function

    • A variable is considered NULL when:
      • It has not been assigned a value (undefined variables).
      • It has been assigned the NULL constant.
      • It has been deleted using the unset function.
    • The isset function tests whether a variable has been set and is not NULL.

    For Loop (Same as Java)

    • The for loop structure is identical to Java.
    • It uses initialization, condition, and update statements for iteration.

    Bool (Boolean) Type

    • Boolean values are represented by TRUE and FALSE.
    • FALSE values include:
      • 0 and 0.0
      • "", "0", and NULL (including unset variables)
      • Arrays with zero elements.
    • FALSE prints as an empty string, while TRUE prints as 1.

    If/Else Statement

    • The if/else statement structure is the same as in Java.

    While Loop (Same as Java)

    • The while and do-while loop structures are identical to Java.

    Math Operations

    • PHP offers various math functions, including:
      • sqrt: Square root.
      • pow: Raise to a power.
      • abs: Absolute value.
      • ceil, floor, round: Rounding functions (round outputs a float).
      • log, log10: Logarithm calculations.
      • max, min: Finding maximum and minimum values.
      • rand: Generate random numbers.
      • sin, cos, tan: Trigonometric calculations.
    • It also provides math constants:
      • M_PI: Value of pi.
      • M_E: Value of Euler's number.
      • M_LN2: Natural logarithm of 2.

    Int and Float Types

    • int represents integers, while float represents real numbers.
    • Division between two integers can result in a float value.
    • Type casting can be used to explicitly convert between these types.

    PHP Exercise 1

    • Echo the string "Twinkle, Twinkle little star." to the browser.
    • Create two variables, one for "Twinkle" and the other for "star."
    • Write a script that gets the current month and prints a message indicating if it's August or not.

    PHP Exercise 6

    • Use a for loop to generate a list of squares from 1 to 12, showing each formula ("1 * 1 = 1") on a separate line.

    PHP Exercise 7

    • Create a multiplication table for numbers 1-7 using nested for loops.
    • The table should display the product of each row and column combination.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the essentials of web server programming, including how URLs interact with web servers and the use of server-side programming languages such as PHP and Python. Learn about the functions and benefits of server-side scripting in creating dynamic web pages and processing user data.

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