Web Programming Quiz - Browsers History

Web Browsers Evolution

• Web browsers have evolved significantly since the early 1990s, starting with Nexus in 1991.
• 1992 introduced Viola WWW and Erwise; by 1993, Mosaic and Lynx were notable browsers.
• 1995 saw the rise of Internet Explorer 3.0 and Netscape Navigator 3.0.
• Major developments continued through the years, culminating in modern browsers like Google Chrome and Firefox, launched in the 2000s.

URL Structure

• A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is an address for documents on the web.
• Example structure: Protocol://server's address/filename.
• Protocol types include HTTP, FTP, and Telnet.

Domain Types

• Domains categorize websites: .com for commercial, .edu for educational, .gov for government, and two-letter country codes like .fr for France.
• New top-level domains are frequently added to accommodate more websites.

MIME (Multi-Purpose Internet Mail Extensions)

• MIME allows the exchange of various data formats beyond ASCII text in emails.
• New file types can be added to Internet Protocol, with MIME headers indicating data type.

HTTP & HTTPS Protocols

• HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) manages how messages are formatted and transmitted over the web.
• HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP, encrypting data via TLS or SSL.

The Web Programmer's Toolbox

• HTML: A markup language defining document structure but not a programming language.
• Plugins and Filters: Tools that help convert documents to HTML; they may require adjustments for perfect output.
• XML: A meta-markup language for defining new markup languages for specific purposes.
• JavaScript: Client-side scripting language enabling dynamic interactions within HTML documents.
• Flash: A system for creating interactive content, including text, graphics, and animations.

HTML Tables

• HTML tables structure data in rows and columns using <table>, <tr>, and <td> tags.
• The <th> tag defines headers for tables, enhancing readability.
• Background colors and images can be set using attributes like bgcolor and background.

Image Handling

• Images enhance web pages visually and conceptually.
• The <img> tag is used to insert images, with attributes to align image positioning (e.g., left, right).

Fundamento di Artificial Intelligence

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) trattas la studo e disegno de agenti intelligenti, sistemas che percepis l'ambiente e tas acciones por maximizar sussesh.
• Filosofio en AI esplora como la mente arise de un cervello fisico e la origine de konocimento.
• Matematikas e neurosciences kontribuis al sviluppo di AI, interogante como humanos e animalus pensa e agi.

Definiciones de Inteligentia

• Alfred Binet introduk la prima test de inteligentia prática, l'IQ, per evaluo de inteligentia humana.
• Inteligentia implica la kapacita de aprender, solve problematicas, e agir razionali.
• Turing Test, propositu da Alan Turing en 1950, determina se computadores puede pensa o agi intelligentement.

Aproaches in AI

• Sistemas que agi kama humanos, usante metodes de pensamentu human.
• Sistemas que pensa razionali, studiande capacidades mentali per computationale modelos.
• Automatizacio de actividades asociati a pensamentu humano, como decision-making e learning.

Vantagios e Disavantagios de AI

• Vantagios: alta accuratece, reducida erro, alta veloce, e utilitá como asistent digital.
• Disavantagios: alto kostos, limitita pensiero, manca de emoció, e incremento de dependonte sur machinas.

Turing Test Detalji

• Test examines se un interrogator humano puede distingi risposta scrit material de un humano o computatore.
• Capacidades necessarii incluye: natural language processing, knowledge representation, automated reasoning, e machine learning.

Applicazioni de AI

• Gaming: AI in strategische ludis, como chess e poker.
• Sanitat: AI usata per diagnosi rapide e monitorizació de pacients.
• Seguranta de Dati: AI améliora la securitate de dati contru cyber-attac.
• Media Social: AI organiza e gestis enormi datas de profils de usuarios.
• Transport: AI elabora aranjo de viagio e recommendationes de hotela e rutas.
• Industria Automotiva: Foco sur desarrollando automobile autonome.
• Educación: AI automatiza grading e agi kama asistent de instrucción.
• Robotica: Robots konstruit per realizar tarefas, responsiva al ambiente.
• Entretenimiento: AI en plataformas como Netflix per recomendationes personnalisate.
• Procesamiento de Linguaje Natural: Interacción con computadores in lingua natural.
• Expert Systems: AI integrando machine e software per dar razonamiento e advices.

Tipos de Inteligentia Artificial

• Weak AI/Narrow AI: AI capabile de realizar taske specifike, como speech e image recognition.
• General AI: Intelligente capabile de executar qualquer task intellectual como un humano; actualmente non existe.
• Super AI: Hypothetica niveau de AI donde machinas supera l’intelligente humana, capabile de solve problemas komplicate autonomi.

Clasificacion de AI

• Reactive Machines: Basica tipologia de AI, responde a stimuli sen kapacitate de memore o apprendimento.