Web Fundamentals and HTML Basics

Web Fundamentals

• The Web refers to the system of interlinked hypertext documents that can be accessed via the Internet
• The Web consists of clients (web browsers) and servers that store and provide access to web content

Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML)

Introduction and History

• HTML is a standard markup language used to create web pages
• HTML was first introduced in 1993 by Tim Berners-Lee
• HTML has undergone several revisions, with HTML5 being the latest version

Document Content

• HTML documents consist of a doctype declaration, HTML element, head element, and body element
• The HTML element contains the head and body elements
• The head element contains metadata about the document, while the body element contains the content of the HTML document

Sections

• HTML documents can be divided into sections using header elements (h1-h6) and section elements (section, article, nav, etc.)
• Sections can be further divided using div elements with IDs and classes

Lists and Tables

• HTML provides several types of lists, including unordered lists (ul), ordered lists (ol), and definition lists (dl)
• Tables can be created using the table element, with rows (tr) and cells (td)

Forms

• HTML forms allow users to interact with web servers using input fields, checkboxes, radio buttons, and submit buttons
• Forms can be created using the form element, with attributes like action, method, and enctype

Character Entities

• HTML character entities are used to display special characters, such as & for "&" and © for "©"
• Character entities can be used to display accents, currencies, and other special characters

Metadata

• HTML metadata is data about the document, such as title, author, and keywords
• Metadata is stored in the head element and is used by search engines and browsers

Validation

• HTML validation ensures that HTML code conforms to the W3C standards
• Validation can be done using the W3C validation tool or other third-party tools