Web Communication Protocols Overview

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Questions and Answers

What type of communication does WebSocket primarily facilitate?

Asynchronous communication

Bidirectional communication (correct)

One-way data transfer

Unidirectional communication

What happens when a WebSocket connection is established and a message is received?

A log is created on the server.

The message is ignored.

An alert is displayed with the message data. (correct)

The connection is permanently closed.

Which feature does Socket.IO provide that WebSocket does not guarantee?

Real-time updates

Server-Sent Events

Fallback to polling (correct)

Bidirectional communication

In Socket.IO, what do 'namespaces' and 'rooms' primarily help with?

Organizing client-server events Signup and view all the answers

What is a webhook commonly described as?

An HTTP callback mechanism Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the use of Engine.IO in Socket.IO is accurate?

It enables Socket.IO to utilize WebSocket features. Signup and view all the answers

What type of technology is WebRTC related to?

Real-time peer-to-peer communication Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary protocol used for WebSocket communication?

WebSocket Protocol Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable feature of HTTP/1.1 compared to HTTP/1.0?

It allows implicit keep-alive unless specified. Signup and view all the answers

Which HTTP version introduced extensible headers?

HTTP/1.0 Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes HTTP/1 from HTTP/0.9?

Presence of a mandatory version number. Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is primarily used for real-time communication on the web?

WebRTC Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of Websockets in web communication?

Facilitating long-lived connections for real-time data exchange. Signup and view all the answers

How do Webhooks operate in a web communication context?

By allowing one server to send automated messages to another upon a specific event. Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is NOT a feature of HTTP/1.0?

It has a more complex request-response model than HTTP/1.1. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the QUIC protocol introduced in HTTP/3?

To enable faster data transmission with lower latency. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the Fetch API in the provided example?

To facilitate fetching data asynchronously from a server Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Comet, what technique is used to keep the connection open for server push?

Long polling Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of WebRTC in real-time communication?

It establishes peer-to-peer connections over UDP. Signup and view all the answers

Which method allows for real-time communication in a full-duplex manner?

WebSocket Signup and view all the answers

What does the EventSource API primarily handle?

Streaming data from the server as events Signup and view all the answers

Which method is used in WebRTC to assist with NAT traversal?

Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following approaches is considered a hack in the context of Comet?

Streaming techniques Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary feature of HTTP/3 compared to previous versions?

Operates over UDP Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following technologies is NOT part of the real-time communication options discussed?

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Version 3 (HTTP/3) Signup and view all the answers

What technology does WebRTC use for establishing media channels?

UDP Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the `onreadystatechange` event in XMLHttpRequest?

To check the status of the HTTP request Signup and view all the answers

How does QUIC improve upon the traditional use of TCP?

It ensures reliable connections while using UDP Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of TLS 1.3 in HTTP/3?

It is built-in for added security Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following services utilizes WebRTC for video conferencing?

<a href="https://www.webrtc-experiment.com/video-conferencing/">https://www.webrtc-experiment.com/video-conferencing/</a> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between XMLHttpRequest and the Fetch API?

Fetch API returns a Promise, while XMLHttpRequest does not Signup and view all the answers

What does TURN stand for in the context of WebRTC?

Traversal Using Relays around NAT Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about WebSocket communication is accurate?

WebSocket allows real-time communication through TCP socket Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes head-of-line (HOL) blocking?

It causes delays when a single packet is lost in a stream Signup and view all the answers

Which is a characteristic of HTTP/2 compared to HTTP/1?

Support for multiplexing of requests Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used in long polling for server communication?

Waiting for a server response before sending another request Signup and view all the answers

Which protocol is designed for real-time web communication, distinct from traditional request-response models?

WebSocket Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of QUIC allows for a single round-trip handshake?

It eliminates the reliance on the TCP socket Signup and view all the answers

What is a drawback of HTTP/2 that HTTP/3 aims to resolve?

Dependence on a single connection for all streams Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method for exchanging messages in polling?

HTTP request-response pairs without server push Signup and view all the answers

What primary goal does HTTP/2 aim to achieve?

Make the web faster Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the nature of HTTP/2?

It utilizes a binary protocol Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of HTTP/2's multiplexing?

It splits communication into frames that can be prioritized. Signup and view all the answers

In HTTP/2, what does 'server push' enable?

The server can send additional responses to a single request. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly outlines a component of HTTP/2's structure?

HTTP/2 supports frame compression for header data. Signup and view all the answers

What is one major advantage of using a single TCP connection in HTTP/2?

It reduces latency by allowing multiple requests over one channel. Signup and view all the answers

What does HTTP/2's push-promise mechanism do?

Allows the server to anticipate client resource needs. Signup and view all the answers

What fundamental change does HTTP/2 introduce compared to HTTP/1.1?

It introduces a binary framing mechanism. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Communication Protocols and Exchange Patterns of the Web

The presentation covers various web communication protocols, including HTTP/1-3, polling, websockets, webhooks, and WebRTC.
The slides detail the history of web protocols, focusing on HTTP evolution (HTTP/0.9, HTTP/1.0, HTTP/1.1, HTTP/2, and HTTP/3).
Different real-time communication techniques for the web are explored, including polling, COMET, Server-Sent Events (SSE), WebSockets, and webhooks.
The presentation also explains peer-to-peer communication using WebRTC, highlighting its real-time capabilities.

HTTP/0.9

First web protocol from 1991
Extremely simple
One-line protocol (GET request)
Connection closed after the response

HTTP/1.0

Introduced a mandatory version number.
Headers were added, making the protocol more extensible.

HTTP/1.1

Implicit keep-alive—persistent connections
Multiple connections possible
Pipelining—send multiple requests over a single connection.

HTTP/2

Binary protocol, versus textual HTTP/1
Multiplexing—multiple concurrent requests over a single connection.

HTTP/3 (and QUIC)

Uses UDP, unlike TCP of HTTP/1, 2
Aims to improve performance over TCP by avoiding TCP handshake delays.
Reliable, unlike UDP (using connection reliability methods).

Polling

Client repeatedly requests data from a server.
Simple but inefficient for real-time updates.

COMET

Generic term for long-held HTTP requests
A group of long polling techniques
Includes techniques like streaming
Streaming of updates via Javascript
AJAX used in conjunction

Server-Sent Events (SSE)

One-directional communication (server-push).
Server sends changes to the client.

WebSockets

Full-duplex communication (two-way) over TCP.
Real-time updates
Suitable for applications needing constant updates, like chat apps.

Webhooks

Server-to-server communication mechanism.
Allows one server to notify another on specific events.
Triggered by a specific event on a server.

WebRTC

A peer-to-peer (P2P) communication API for browser-based real-time interactions
Uses UDP for real-time communication, avoiding delays.
Enables real-time connection between browsers without server intervention.
Uses ICE, STUN, and TURN for NAT traversal.

Resources

Various recommendations (from video) for learning more about the details.

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Description

This quiz explores various web communication protocols including HTTP evolution from HTTP/0.9 to HTTP/3, as well as techniques for real-time communication such as WebSockets and WebRTC. Dive into the specifics of each protocol and their historical context to enhance your understanding of web technology.