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Questions and Answers

Which scenario most effectively illustrates the advantage of using a web development framework to enhance team efficiency?

  • A team uses a framework that enforces a strict coding convention, reducing debugging time and improving code readability across team members. (correct)
  • A team adopts a framework with pre-built components, which leads to faster prototyping but requires extensive customization to meet specific client needs.
  • A team selects a framework known for its comprehensive security features, which initially slows down development due to required security audits and configurations.
  • A team chooses a framework primarily based on its popularity in the developer community, hoping to attract more experienced developers to the project.

Given a project requiring highly customized, non-standard features, what is the most significant risk associated with choosing a framework?

  • Automatic optimization of application performance due to inherent framework efficiencies.
  • Enhanced security features without the need for additional security measures.
  • Potential limitations in flexibility, leading to complex workarounds or the inability to implement necessary unique functionalities. (correct)
  • Increased initial development speed due to rapid prototyping capabilities.

Considering the trade-offs between performance and development speed, in what situation would choosing a lightweight framework like Flask (Python) be most advantageous over a full-stack framework like Django (Python)?

  • When building a large-scale application with numerous complex features and a need for rapid initial development.
  • When there is a necessity for built-in features such as an ORM, admin panel, and user authentication system.
  • When the project requires a standardized and opinionated structure to facilitate team collaboration.
  • When the primary concern is minimizing server load and maximizing response times for a microservice. (correct)

In what specific scenario would the 'Steep learning curve' disadvantage of using a framework be most pronounced and detrimental to a project's success?

<p>When a project has a fixed budget and tight deadline, and the team is unfamiliar with the chosen framework. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most critical factor to evaluate when selecting between Angular, React, and Vue for a new single-page application?

<p>The frameworks' default data binding approach (one-way vs. two-way) and how it aligns with the application's data flow requirements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Given the characteristic of Laravel as a PHP-based Model-View-Controller (MVC) framework, how does this architectural pattern inherently promote better code organization and maintainability in web applications?

<p>By enforcing a separation of concerns, dividing the application into distinct layers for data, presentation, and logic. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the open-source nature of many web development frameworks, such as Laravel and Django, specifically contribute to improved software security for web applications?

<p>By enabling community review and contribution, leading to quicker identification and patching of security flaws. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the best time to implement a CSS framework like Bootstrap or Foundation?

<p>At the beginning of a project, taking advantage of the grid system and pre-built components. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beyond the direct monetary costs, what are some less obvious 'Cost' disadvantages of adopting a web development framework in a project?

<p>Higher costs associated with refactoring existing code, integrating with legacy systems, and addressing unexpected compatibility issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering that frameworks may impose certain 'Limitations', what approach can development teams take to mitigate these constraints and still leverage the benefits of using a framework?

<p>To carefully select a framework that is extensible and allows for customization through plugins, extensions, or modifications. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of web application development, under which circumstance would selecting a framework with a smaller community and limited documentation be a strategic advantage?

<p>When the project demands a highly specialized solution with minimal external dependencies and a focus on proprietary innovation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Laravel's Blade templating engine enhance security in web application development, beyond basic templating functionalities?

<p>By automatically escaping output, mitigating XSS vulnerabilities, and offering features like template inheritance for consistent security practices across views. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When implementing Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA), what is the most critical consideration regarding web service design to ensure maintainability and scalability?

<p>Designing web services to be stateless and loosely coupled, promoting independent evolution and fault tolerance. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Reflecting on strategies to 'Prevent Web Security Vulnerabilities', which approach offers the most comprehensive defense against SQL injection attacks?

<p>Routinely sanitizing user inputs, combined with using parameterized queries or ORM methods, and adhering to the principle of least privilege. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of web application frameworks, what implications arise from choosing a framework that enforces a rigid architectural pattern, such as MVC, on developer productivity and project maintainability?

<p>It decreases productivity initially due to the learning curve, but enhances maintainability through standardized code structure. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the 'Advantages and Disadvantages of Going with a Framework,' how might the use of a framework impact a project's long-term flexibility and adaptability to new technologies?

<p>Frameworks may limit flexibility due to their specific structure and dependencies, potentially hindering the adoption of newer technologies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the principles of Software as a Service (SaaS) influence database design and management compared to traditional on-premise software deployments?

<p>SaaS applications often employ multi-tenant database architectures to optimize resource utilization and scalability, requiring careful data isolation strategies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When planning the 'Installation process of web application framework', what critical decision must be made regarding dependencies, and how does this impact the deployment pipeline?

<p>Choosing a dependency management tool to automate the process, ensuring consistent builds across different environments and simplifying updates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Considering the need to 'Integrate service-oriented architecture', what potential challenges arise when integrating a legacy monolithic application with modern microservices, and how can these be addressed?

<p>Challenges include data consistency, transaction management, and differing communication protocols, which can be addressed through API gateways, sagas, and adapter layers. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of 'Deploy web services with enhanced security protocols,' what is the most effective strategy for protecting API endpoints against unauthorized access in a microservices architecture?

<p>Implementing mutual TLS (mTLS) for service-to-service communication, combined with API gateways that enforce authentication and authorization policies based on JWT or OAuth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Web Development Frameworks

Reusable code libraries that provide a basic structure for streamlining web development.

What is Laravel?

A back-end framework based on PHP that follows the Model-View-Controller architectural pattern.

Advantages of Frameworks

Efficiency, open-source, documentation and support, security, and integration capabilities.

Disadvantages of Frameworks

Limitations, performance concerns, potential learning bias, steep learning curve, and cost.

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Express

A minimal and flexible Node.js back-end framework.

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Django

A Python-based back-end framework that uses the Model-View-Template architectural pattern.

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Rails

A Ruby framework that follows the Model-View-Controller pattern.

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Angular

A JavaScript framework for building single-page applications.

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React

A JavaScript front-end library known for its component-based approach.

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Vue

A progressive JavaScript framework for building user interfaces.

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Web Application Framework

A reusable software environment that provides a foundation to develop web applications, reducing coding effort.

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Laravel

A popular PHP framework known for its elegant syntax and developer-friendly features.

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PHP

A server-side scripting language designed for web development, allowing dynamic content generation.

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MVC Architecture

A design pattern dividing an application into Model (data), View (UI), and Controller (logic).

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Laravel & Application Structure

Laravel's structure helps organize code, promoting maintainability and scalability.

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Software as a Service (SaaS)

A software distribution model where applications are hosted by a service provider and made available to customers over the Internet.

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Benefits of SaaS

Cost savings, scalability, accessibility, and automatic updates.

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Web Security Vulnerabilities

Flaws in web applications that attackers can exploit to compromise security.

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Study Notes

  • Elective 5 covers Web and System Technologies 2
  • Course focuses on demonstrating web application framework installation, building web applications, integrating service-oriented architecture, and deploying web services with enhanced security protocols
  • Aims to show students what web application is, how web applications work with different frameworks, and allows them to collaborate
  • Teaches how web applications with frameworks can be designed to satisfy requirements
  • Prior knowledge of website development is not required, but programming may be needed
  • Comprehension of HTML, CSS, JQUERY, and PHP is needed
  • Serves reference learning guide for the course “Web and System Technologies”

Web Application Framework

  • Aims to demonstrate the installation process of web application framework
  • Aims to identify the different types of web application framework
  • Aims to explain the installation process of web application framework
  • Aims to apply appropriate configuration for Laravel framework

Best Web Development Frameworks

  • Frameworks are essential for web development due to the rising standards and complexity of technology required for web applications
  • Using frameworks endorsed by thousands of developers is practical for building rich and interactive web applications
  • Web apps have both backend (server-side) and frontend (client-side) components
  • Best backend frameworks in 2021:

Express

  • Express is becoming a trending web development framework thanks to the rise in popularity of Node.js
  • Express is popular amongst Accenture, IBM, Uber, and other companies
  • Express is compatible with other frameworks such as Kraken, Sails, and Loopback
  • It is a minimal, fast, and unopinionated framework that provides core functionalities and leverages the performance of asynchronous Node.js
  • Express supports full applications and REST APIs
  • Perhaps the only disadvantage of Express is that there is no clear and defined way of doing things, at least for beginners
  • Express GitHub Link: https://github.com/expressjs/express

Django

  • Django is a Model-View-Template framework that uses Python for web development
  • Big names like Google, YouTube, and Instagram use Django
  • Django boasts a batteries-included feature, which brings with it features such as authentication and messaging
  • Follows the Convention Over Configuration and DRY patterns
  • Security is essential in Django
  • Provides techniques and tools for developers to build secure websites and implement security features
  • Django prevents code execution in the template layer itself
  • Django Github Link: https://github.com/django/django

Rails

  • Rails is a Model-View-Controller framework that uses Ruby
  • Rails is loved by many developers
  • Airbnb, GitHub, Hulu, and Shopify are primary users
  • Rails is beginner-friendly, and helpful to get beginners started with web development quickly
  • The framework has libraries that extend the functionalities of applications and help with fast and efficient development
  • Rails has a reliable and friendly community and resources for people to become experts
  • Disadvantage lies in the effort to deploy and run in a production environment, and its learning curve
  • Rails Github Link: https://github.com/rails/rails

Laravel

  • Laravel is a Model-View-Controller framework that uses PHP
  • PHP is one of the most popular languages of the web
  • Laravel is relatively young compared to the others
  • Laravel has API support out of the box, which also possesses a decent amount of packages that could extend its reach
  • Laracasts has PHP, Laravel, and frontend technologies, making it beginner-friendly
  • Laravel doesn’t compare to Django or Express in terms of performance
  • Laravel Github Link: https://github.com/laravel/laravel

Spring

  • Spring is a Model-View-Controller framework that uses Java
  • Websites like Wix, TicketMaster, and BillGuard are users
  • Spring has sister projects that boost its performance and let businesses scale quickly
  • Using Java, a strongly typed language, is a severe pro to many web developers, but the learning curve might be steep
  • Spring Github Link: https://github.com/spring-projects/spring-framework

Frontend JavaScript Frameworks

Angular

  • Angular is a frontend framework that specializes in building rich Single-Page applications Is a vibrant framework able to build complete client-side applications
  • There is a lot to do and learn in Angular
  • Angular 1.x used Javascript, but later releases adopted Typescript, which is a superset of Javascript
  • Angular's main cons are its size compared to other frameworks, and the fact it's not SEO friendly by nature, though it can be SEO optimized
  • Google developed angular, and Google, Microsoft, and Paypal use it
  • Angular Github Link: https://github.com/angular

React

  • React is not a framework
  • React a frontend library, that many developers consider it a framework and it's usually compared in that context
  • React was the first to adopt the component-based architecture, and it helped them start to adopt later on
  • React's virtual dom makes the dom-manipulation much faster
  • React is easy to pick up thanks to its JSX syntax
  • React could be used server-side or client-side
  • Facebook developed and maintained it, and Facebook and Instagram use it
  • React Github Link: https://github.com/facebook/react

Vue

  • Vue.js is the new rising star
  • Vue.js started as an individual project and is quickly growing into one of the most trending JS frameworks
  • It is a progressive framework that gives you the ability to adopt Vue for one portion of the project
  • Brings along the component architecture to play
  • The Vue ecosystem can help build complete frontend applications
  • Vue.js Github Link: https://github.com/vuejs/vue

Ember

  • Ember was named the best Javascript framework back in 2015
  • The Ember community is enormous, and with new features the releases are added quickly
  • Ember possesses the two-way data binding that Angular boasts
  • Ember comes with the lot of features and components that you can use out of the box, Google, Microsoft, Heroku, and Netflix use this framework often
  • Focuses on developers productivity and increasing efficiency of the core design time
  • Ember.js Github Link: https://github.com/emberjs

Backbone

  • Backbone is an extremely light front-end framework that's fit for building rich Single-Page applications
  • Backbone follows an MV* pattern and partly implements the MVC design
  • Backbone only has one core dependency, which is the Underscore library, and a Vibrant ecosystem Mustache and Marionette, allows you to build complete client-side applications

Using Frameworks to Build Websites and Web Application

  • Even if you only build websites using CMSs, you've probably heard the word "framework" before
  • People have probably also heard of a few famous web frameworks, including Ruby on Rails, Django and Bootstrap
  • Many experienced web developers build websites using frameworks and often find them easier and more manageable than manual coding
  • The key is to know when going with a framework fits your project
  • Drupal 8 is currently being built on Symfony
  • Joomla 3 currently using the CSS framework Bootstrap
  • The frameworks' goal is to allow designers and developers to focus on building the unique parts for their project, instead of coding common features like security
  • Frameworks are reusable code that speeds up development
  • In contrast to a content management system, most of the activity will be done by writing code and interacting with the framework's code
  • Frameworks can take a while to learn, speeding up your development time

Measuring the Need for a Framework based on:

Level of customization required.

  • If requiring a private a custom social network that does plugins can’t fit the desired layout, one should consider a framework
  • The more customization required the more likely to use a framework The developers you employ.
  • When employing a team of developers on a freelancer for the project, then using the open source frameworks can be considered
  • A framework can lead us to the next part of this discussion as this helps with the pros and cons

Advantages of Using A Framework

  • Most of the common frameworks in many languages are open-source
  • They have licensing that isn’t strict which allows you to build commercial products using such frameworks
  • There is documentation and support
  • This exists because documentation is available Efficiency
  • The most known reason for frameworks
  • They eliminate the need to write a lot of repetitive security code
  • The framework typically makes security risks are low
  • New security risks also can be tested and fixed quickly and efficiently Integration
  • If building any type of security application the tool set allows you to build almost any type of Web app, since you will use a database, so the link must be quick

Disadvantages of Using A Framework

Limitations

  • You don’t typically get to do almost anything
  • Everything has to be coded in the framework-supported language, in its way of being written Performance
  • Mobile pages can be slow because of client side processing
  • Users with slower Wi-Fi will struggle
  • There is learning bias Steep Learning Curve
  • Can be difficult to learn, at least 3–6 months is needed for a high proficiency Cost
  • Developers require more expertise and experience, the project can be more expensive

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