Weather Fog Formation Types
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary constituent of haze droplets over industrial areas?

  • Water vapor
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Sulfuric acid (correct)
  • Nitrogen oxide
  • In which regions are sulfate aerosols formed due to industrial activities bonding sulfur dioxide with oxygen?

  • Arctic regions
  • Desert regions
  • Industrial areas like the central and eastern United States (correct)
  • Tropical rainforest regions
  • What causes sulfate aerosols to grow large enough to be seen as clouds when the environment is supersaturated?

  • Low humidity
  • Sunlight exposure
  • High temperatures
  • Absorption of water from the environment (correct)
  • At what relative humidity do sulfate aerosols start absorbing water to become effective condensation nuclei?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to sulfate aerosols when the humidity is low?

    <p>They remain suspended in the atmosphere to form haze</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what conditions do snow showers fall under the category of 'Heavy' based on visibility limits?

    <p>Visibility less than a quarter of a mile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best indicator of the leading edge of cold air associated with postfrontal dust storms?

    <p>Dust 'head'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can wind speed be estimated in postfrontal dust storms?

    <p>By looking at the temperature change across the front</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average wind speed in postfrontal dust storms?

    <p>15-30 knots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does the first type of postfrontal dust storm typically last?

    <p>24-36 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the second type of postfrontal dust storm occur?

    <p>When a weaker cold front stalls out and becomes stationary</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum height postfrontal dust storms can reach?

    <p>~30,000 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of fog in areas where the ground often cools by radiation cooling?

    <p>Radiation cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fog forms when warm, moist air cools to saturation as it moves over cold water?

    <p>Sea fog</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is sea fog formation unlikely if the initial dew point is lower than the coldest water temperature?

    <p>The air may not reach saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What leads to the dissipation of sea fog when it is carried over a warmer surface by a change in wind direction?

    <p>Increase in wind speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of clouds can form when a surface fog is temporarily raised by an increase in wind speed?

    <p>Stratus deck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of air mass is associated with radiation fog according to specific forecasting guidance?

    <p>High dew point air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to calculate the radiation fog threat?

    <p>WBPT850 - Fog Point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the WBPT850 found?

    <p>By finding the pressure level of the 850 mb LCL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Fog Threat Value greater than 3 indicate?

    <p>Low likelihood of radiation fog formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Radiation Fog Stability Index (FSI) calculated?

    <p>$4TSfc - 2(T850 + TdSfc) + W850$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What FSI value indicates a 'Low' likelihood of radiation fog formation?

    <p>Greater than 55</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Table 1.4, what does a 'Moderate' likelihood of radiation fog formation correspond to?

    <p>Fog Threat Value between 0 and 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicative of radiation fog potential according to the text?

    <p>Ample moisture in the layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the FSI indicates radiation fog potential?

    <p>Low surface dew point depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an indicator of radiation fog potential?

    <p>Strong wind speeds at 850 mb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the GEPS and MEPS aid in visibility forecasting?

    <p>By producing dust probability products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes satellite detection of dust difficult according to the text?

    <p>Single channel imagery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can animated infrared imagery help in tracking dust?

    <p>By contrasting dust against the cooler land surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

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