Weather Fog Formation Types
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary constituent of haze droplets over industrial areas?

  • Water vapor
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Sulfuric acid (correct)
  • Nitrogen oxide

In which regions are sulfate aerosols formed due to industrial activities bonding sulfur dioxide with oxygen?

  • Arctic regions
  • Desert regions
  • Industrial areas like the central and eastern United States (correct)
  • Tropical rainforest regions

What causes sulfate aerosols to grow large enough to be seen as clouds when the environment is supersaturated?

  • Low humidity
  • Sunlight exposure
  • High temperatures
  • Absorption of water from the environment (correct)

At what relative humidity do sulfate aerosols start absorbing water to become effective condensation nuclei?

<p>70% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to sulfate aerosols when the humidity is low?

<p>They remain suspended in the atmosphere to form haze (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions do snow showers fall under the category of 'Heavy' based on visibility limits?

<p>Visibility less than a quarter of a mile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best indicator of the leading edge of cold air associated with postfrontal dust storms?

<p>Dust 'head' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can wind speed be estimated in postfrontal dust storms?

<p>By looking at the temperature change across the front (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average wind speed in postfrontal dust storms?

<p>15-30 knots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long does the first type of postfrontal dust storm typically last?

<p>24-36 hours (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the second type of postfrontal dust storm occur?

<p>When a weaker cold front stalls out and becomes stationary (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum height postfrontal dust storms can reach?

<p>~30,000 feet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of fog in areas where the ground often cools by radiation cooling?

<p>Radiation cooling (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of fog forms when warm, moist air cools to saturation as it moves over cold water?

<p>Sea fog (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is sea fog formation unlikely if the initial dew point is lower than the coldest water temperature?

<p>The air may not reach saturation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to the dissipation of sea fog when it is carried over a warmer surface by a change in wind direction?

<p>Increase in wind speed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of clouds can form when a surface fog is temporarily raised by an increase in wind speed?

<p>Stratus deck (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of air mass is associated with radiation fog according to specific forecasting guidance?

<p>High dew point air (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula to calculate the radiation fog threat?

<p>WBPT850 - Fog Point (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the WBPT850 found?

<p>By finding the pressure level of the 850 mb LCL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Fog Threat Value greater than 3 indicate?

<p>Low likelihood of radiation fog formation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the Radiation Fog Stability Index (FSI) calculated?

<p>$4TSfc - 2(T850 + TdSfc) + W850$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What FSI value indicates a 'Low' likelihood of radiation fog formation?

<p>Greater than 55 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Table 1.4, what does a 'Moderate' likelihood of radiation fog formation correspond to?

<p>Fog Threat Value between 0 and 3 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicative of radiation fog potential according to the text?

<p>Ample moisture in the layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of the FSI indicates radiation fog potential?

<p>Low surface dew point depression (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an indicator of radiation fog potential?

<p>Strong wind speeds at 850 mb (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the GEPS and MEPS aid in visibility forecasting?

<p>By producing dust probability products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What makes satellite detection of dust difficult according to the text?

<p>Single channel imagery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can animated infrared imagery help in tracking dust?

<p>By contrasting dust against the cooler land surface (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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